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Compared with the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values of ciprofloxacin on the respective strains, compounds <jats:bold>5a<\/jats:bold>, <jats:bold>5d<\/jats:bold>, <jats:bold>5g<\/jats:bold>, <jats:bold>5l<\/jats:bold>, and <jats:bold>5m<\/jats:bold> exhibited potent antibacterial activity with MIC values ranging from 16 to 25\u2009\u00b5M. Almost all the synthesized compounds showed lower MIC compared to standards against vancomycin\u2010resistant enterococcus and methicillin\u2010resistant <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> strains. Additionally, the majority of the synthesized compounds demonstrated remarkable antifungal activity, against <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Aspergillus niger<\/jats:italic>, as compared to nystatin, griseofulvin, and fluconazole. Furthermore, the majority of compounds exhibited notable inhibitory effects against the <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> strain, having IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values ranging from 1.31 to 2.79\u2009\u03bcM as compared to standard quinine (2.71\u2009\u03bcM). Cytotoxicity evaluation of compounds <jats:bold>5a\u2013q<\/jats:bold> on SHSY\u20105Y cells at up to 100\u2009\u03bcg\/mL showed no adverse effects. Comparison with control groups highlights their noncytotoxic characteristics. Molecular docking confirmed compound binding to target active sites, with stable protein\u2013ligand complexes displaying drug\u2010like molecules. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed dynamic stability and interactions. Rigorous tests and molecular modeling unveil the effectiveness of the compounds against drug\u2010resistant microbes, providing hope for new antimicrobial compounds with potential safety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.202300673","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T06:54:45Z","timestamp":1705906485000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Indole clubbed 2,4\u2010thiazolidinedione linked 1,2,3\u2010triazole as a potent antimalarial and antibacterial agent against drug\u2010resistant strain and molecular modeling studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"357","author":[{"given":"Dipti B.","family":"Upadhyay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Sardar Patel University Vallabh Vidyanagar Gujarat India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8333-7052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaydeep A.","family":"Mokariya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Sardar Patel University Vallabh Vidyanagar Gujarat India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paras J.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Sardar Patel University Vallabh Vidyanagar Gujarat India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subham G.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Sardar Patel University Vallabh Vidyanagar Gujarat India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anwesha","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad Gujarat India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0437-7879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arijit","family":"Nandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad Telangana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaquina","family":"Nogales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Systems Medicine University of Dundee Dundee UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nachiket","family":"More","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry University of St. Andrews St. Andrews UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry University of St. Andrews St. Andrews UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhanji P.","family":"Rajani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microcare Laboratory and Tuberculosis Diagnosis &amp; 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