{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T02:50:32Z","timestamp":1791600632474,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009647","name":"Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NW24\u201005\u201000539"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NW24\u201005\u201000539"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009647","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archiv der Pharmazie"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Oxadiazole derivatives represent a promising scaffold for drug discovery, offering therapeutic potential, notably against neurodegenerative diseases and microbial infections. Based on molecular hybridisation approach utilising bioactive oxadiazoles, pyridine\u2010, quinoline\u2010 and nitrophenyl\u2010based compounds, we designed novel 1,3,4\u2010 and 1,2,4\u2010oxadiazole derivatives containing nitro group(s), evaluated their enzyme inhibition, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, and analysed their structure\u2013activity relationships (SAR). Comprehensive activity assessments of them and their synthetic precursors revealed robust inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase with IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    values as low as 1.47\u2009\u00b5M and butyrylcholinesterase (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009\u2265\u200945.09 \u03bcM), outperforming rivastigmine in several cases. Mechanistic insights\n                    <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n                    molecular docking unveiled unique binding modes for cholinesterases inhibition. Antimicrobial screening demonstrated potent activity (MIC\u2009\u2265\u20092 \u03bcM) of several compounds against\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , atypical mycobacteria, Gram\u2010positive bacteria including methicillin\u2010resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and mould\n                    <jats:italic>Trichophyton interdigitale<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The antioxidant evaluation identified derivatives' free\u2010radical scavenging potential. SAR analysis identified essential structural features, favouring 3,5\u2010dinitrophenyl moiety and 1,3,4\u2010oxadiazoles over 1,2,4\u2010isomers and 1,2\u2010diacylhydrazine precursors. In summary, novel candidates for addressing challenges in treating infectious diseases and disorders related to insufficient acetylcholine transmission were identified.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.70188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T06:06:02Z","timestamp":1768975562000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Activity Profiling of Nitro\u2010Substituted Di(Hetero)Aryl 1,3,4\u2010 and 1,2,4\u2010Oxadiazoles: Antimicrobial, Cholinesterase Inhibition and Antioxidant Potential"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"359","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9146-573X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enik\u0151","family":"\u0160ikorov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 Charles University  Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0160\u00e1rka","family":"\u0160t\u011bp\u00e1nkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice  Pardubice Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Fr\u00fdbov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 Charles University  Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kl\u00e1ra","family":"Kone\u010dn\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 Charles University  Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 Czech 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