{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:31:04Z","timestamp":1786977064185,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010724","name":"Amasya \u00dcniversitesi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FMB\u2010BAP 20\u20100456"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FMB\u2010BAP 20\u20100456"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010724","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archiv der Pharmazie"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Comprehending the intricate mechanisms of apoptosis and its interaction with cytotoxic, antioxidant, and HDAC activities is imperative for devising effective cancer therapies. Sulfonamides and Schiff bases are compounds of pharmacological importance with known anticancer activity. Our study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic, antioxidant, HDAC, and apoptotic activities of new sulfonamide\u2010Schiff bases in human colon cancer cells (DLD\u20101 and HT\u201029). New sulfonamide\u2010derived Schiff base compounds (\n                    <jats:bold>3a<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2013\n                    <jats:bold>d<\/jats:bold>\n                    ) were synthesized from the condensation of sulfamethoxypyridazine (\n                    <jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold>\n                    ) and various aromatic aldehydes, and were characterized by FTIR, NMR (\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    H and\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    C\/APT), UV\u2010Vis., and mass spectroscopy. Sulfonamide\u2010derived Schiff bases\n                    <jats:bold>3a\u2013d<\/jats:bold>\n                    and compound\n                    <jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold>\n                    exhibited significant anticancer activity against colorectal cancer cell lines (DLD\u20101, HT\u201029). In the MTT assay,\n                    <jats:bold>3c<\/jats:bold>\n                    was most active in DLD\u20101 (viability: 37.7%, IC\u2085\u2080\u2009=\u20093.94\u2009\u00b5M) and\n                    <jats:bold>3b<\/jats:bold>\n                    in HT\u201029 (viability: 46.6%, IC\u2085\u2080\u2009=\u20093.26\u2009\u00b5M). In the WST\u20108 assay,\n                    <jats:bold>3c<\/jats:bold>\n                    was strongest in DLD\u20101 (viability: 45.9%, IC\u2085\u2080\u2009=\u200917.95\u2009\u00b5M). None of the compounds showed toxicity in normal colon cells (CCD\u201018Co). qRT\u2010PCR revealed upregulation of apoptotic (BAX, p53, Caspase\u20103\/8\/9) and antioxidant (SOD\u20101\/2, CAT, GSS) genes, notably by\n                    <jats:bold>3a<\/jats:bold>\n                    in DLD\u20101 and\n                    <jats:bold>3d<\/jats:bold>\n                    in HT\u201029, while\n                    <jats:bold>3c<\/jats:bold>\n                    reduced BCL\u20102 in HT\u201029 cells. ELISA confirmed strong antioxidant induction (\n                    <jats:bold>3a<\/jats:bold>\n                    : 70% in DLD\u20101) and HDAC inhibition (\n                    <jats:bold>3d<\/jats:bold>\n                    : 69% in HT\u201029). Western blot showed\n                    <jats:bold>3a<\/jats:bold>\n                    increased p38\/MAPK expression sevenfold in DLD\u20101 and fourfold in HT\u201029, while decreasing ERK1. Overall,\n                    <jats:bold>3c<\/jats:bold>\n                    and\n                    <jats:bold>3d<\/jats:bold>\n                    emerged as the most promising candidates, combining cytotoxic, antioxidant, HDAC inhibitory, and apoptotic effects, and may act as selective therapeutic agents by targeting the p38\/MAPK\u2013ERK1 pathway in colorectal cancer.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.70235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T17:39:05Z","timestamp":1775842745000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfonamide\u2010Schiff Bases, and Investigation of Cytotoxic, Antioxidant, HDAC, and Apoptotic Activities in Human Colon Cancer Cells (DLD\u20101 and HT\u201029)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"359","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5440-302X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seda","family":"Mesci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Project Coordination and Guidance Office, Rectorate Hitit University \u00c7orum Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5578-8697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berna","family":"Kocaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science Amasya University Amasya Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0831-7056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aliye Gediz","family":"Erturk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts Ordu University Ordu Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5946-2988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emine","family":"Bagdatli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts Ordu University Ordu Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0717-7768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Burak","family":"Yazgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Sabuncuo\u011flu Serefeddin Health Services Vocational School Amasya University Amasya Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8575-4802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuba","family":"Yildirim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Science Amasya University Amasya 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