{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T09:01:56Z","timestamp":1785142916914,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":38,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archiv der Pharmazie"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Baicalin is a bioactive flavonoid compound extracted from plants of the\n                    <jats:italic>Scutellaria<\/jats:italic>\n                    genus, such as\n                    <jats:italic>Scutellaria baicalensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and exhibits a wide range of pharmacological effects. Studies have shown that it has antibacterial activity against a variety of clinically common pathogens. Meanwhile, it can inhibit the development of antimicrobial resistance, thereby enhancing the antibacterial activity of traditional antibiotics. This highlights the potential of baicalin as an antimicrobial agent and antibiotic adjuvant. This review systematically summarizes the antibacterial activity, antibiofilm effects, beneficial properties, and underlying mechanisms of baicalin, both when used alone and in combination with antibiotics, in\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    models. At the same time, the pharmacokinetic properties and cytotoxicity studies of baicalin were also reviewed. Given its relatively low bioavailability in vivo, the development of baicalin\u2010based nanoformulations and other dosage forms has been highlighted as a promising strategy to enhance its bioavailability and expand its potential applications. Finally, this article discusses the limitations and shortcomings of current research and outlines future research directions. We emphasize the need to evaluate the medication strategies, clinical efficacy, and safety of baicalin in the treatment of microbial infections through higher\u2010quality research. This review aims to provide new insights and references for the further development and clinical application of baicalin.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.70297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T07:16:08Z","timestamp":1783581368000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antimicrobial Activity, Mechanism, and Future Prospects of Baicalin as an Antimicrobial Agent and Adjuvant"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"359","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5064-1338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guorui","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Medical College Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7003-6838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine Yaan People's Hospital Yaan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunliu","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Chengdu Medical College Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueyang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenghan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Medical College Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wubin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine Yaan People's Hospital Yaan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengbin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine Yaan People's Hospital Yaan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linlan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine The People's Hospital of Leshan Leshan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuzhou","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine Yaan People's Hospital Yaan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongming","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine Yaan People's Hospital Yaan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14121199"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ede.0000000000001921"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(24)01867-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2019.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2022.114765"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1360\/N032018-00078"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2023.105811"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22038\/ijbms.2022.60380.13381"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30173464"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1487173"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1562103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2015.07.006"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","first-page":"1103","article-title":"Report: Synergism of Sodium Bicarbonate and Baicalin Against Clinical Candida albicans Isolates via Broth Microdilution Method and Checkerboard Assay","volume":"32","author":"Shao J.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4268\/cjcmm20100522"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115941"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2211-5463.13952"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2024.0074"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-016-2162-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357001773922"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18101458"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis336"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2024.0086"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26247577"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103899"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","first-page":"1270","article-title":"Combination Effects of Baicalin With Levofloxacin Against Biofilm\u2010Related Infections","volume":"11","author":"Du Z.","year":"2019","journal-title":"American Journal of Translational Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00418"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.15193"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2025.126178"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2024.114458"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2018.04.063"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102346"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-023-03226-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.117488"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-024-04884-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.102953"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13349"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10050328"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i14.4225"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13863\/j.issn1001-4454.2008.05.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176883"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey356"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-024-04015-w"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","first-page":"434","article-title":"Inhibition of Extracts From 17 Chinese Herbs on Periodontal Pathogenic Microbes","volume":"15","author":"Zhu C. L.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Shanghai kou qiang yi xue = Shanghai Journal of Stomatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00045-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2025.104526"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2014.07.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-022-01088-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.117487"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.153214"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","first-page":"121","volume-title":"International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology","author":"D'achille G.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190533"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-025-04684-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-024-04038-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115218"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.21131"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2021.109242"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02092-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2011.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25052655"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112908"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14040452"},{"issue":"23","key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","first-page":"3216","article-title":"Inhibitory Effect of Baicalin on Germ Tube Formation and Adhesion of Candida albicans","volume":"35","author":"Wang C.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00246-25"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26061497"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262411803"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12033-023-00985-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01416-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00395"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1464484"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13258-024-01541-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1346340"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001179"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.12.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2017.03.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114660"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.3ab0820-576rrr"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2022.06.084"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftx123"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2013.10.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.03.006"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_84_1","first-page":"258","article-title":"Combination Effects of Baicalin With Linezolid Against Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm\u2010Related Infections: In Vivo Animal Model","volume":"46","author":"Du Z.","year":"2023","journal-title":"New Microbiologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2020.106508"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15040507"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26051268"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-024-01352-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035523"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2021.12210"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2024.111530"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08820139.2025.2450244"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_93_1","first-page":"144","article-title":"Influence of Baicalin on TNF\u2010Alpha and Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule\u20101 in Rats Infected With Pneumocystis carinii","volume":"27","author":"Zhou L.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Zhongguo ji sheng chong xue yu ji sheng chong bing za zhi = Chinese Journal of Parasitology & Parasitic Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2025.118323"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08923973.2011.580756"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10080926"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431x20209949"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-009-9172-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d1fo02407h"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.14372"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v11.i17.4026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-020-0411-9"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_11_103_1","first-page":"1590","article-title":"Effect of Baicalin on Expression of TLR4 in RAW264.7 Cells Infected by ESBLs Escherichia coli","volume":"38","author":"Yun Y.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155706"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13318-018-0509-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10286020.2025.2482054"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357001777621"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1691\/ph.2024.4014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2012.20.1.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5477"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1607919"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn121094-20200326-00158"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157092"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.9b04667"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.131372"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joim.2023.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-13141-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d1ra07553e"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202205528"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d4mh01213e"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.132802"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2025.123298"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.04.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.143963"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222111319"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c12917"}],"container-title":["Archiv der Pharmazie"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ardp.70297","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ardp.70297","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ardp.70297","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T08:10:58Z","timestamp":1785139858000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ardp.70297"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":126,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ardp.70297"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ardp.70297","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0365-6233","1521-4184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0365-6233","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4184","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70297"}}