{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:08:03Z","timestamp":1790690883079,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archiv der Pharmazie"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Alepterolic acid is a natural compound occurring in\n                    <jats:italic>Aleuritopteris argentea<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Gm\u00e9l.) F\u00e9e. In this study, 12 derivatives of alepterolic acid were obtained by chemical modification and evaluated regarding their effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Notably, compound\n                    <jats:bold>13<\/jats:bold>\n                    exhibited low toxicity while significantly inhibiting LPS\u2010induced NO production. To elucidate its immunomodulatory mechanism, we quantified transcription levels of key cellular inflammatory factors (TNF\u2010\u03b1 and IL\u20106) using RT\u2010qPCR and measured protein levels of key cellular inflammatory factor (iNOS) by Western blotting. Additionally, mitochondrial membrane potential and concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in RAW264.7 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the phosphorylation status of key proteins in the MAPK inflammatory pathway was assessed by Western blotting. The results demonstrate that compound\n                    <jats:bold>13<\/jats:bold>\n                    exerts its anti\u2010inflammatory effects by inhibiting MAPK pathway phosphorylation, downregulating LPS\u2010induced transcription of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , IL\u20106), reducing ROS generation, and delaying the decline of mitochondrial membrane potential. This study provides a basis for the application of alepterolic derivatives in inflammatory diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.70338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T07:10:12Z","timestamp":1790061012000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Structural Modification of Alepterolic Acid to Discover New Anti\u2010Inflammatory Agents"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"359","author":[{"given":"Yating","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences Shanghai Normal University Shanghai People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanchun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan Anhui 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