{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T06:07:46Z","timestamp":1790057266226,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["arthroscopyjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthroscopy"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the radiographic findings of the patellofemoral (PF) joint and the PF\u2010specific clinical outcomes after open\u2010wedge high tibial osteotomy for medial osteoarthritis (OA) in varus knees with a minimum 10\u2010year follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Consecutive patients who underwent open\u2010wedge high tibial osteotomy for medial compartment knee OA or osteonecrosis between 2007 and 2014 with \u226510\u2009years of follow\u2010up were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with incomplete radiographic data or missing scores were excluded. Knees were classified into PF OA progression and nonprogression groups according to changes in the Kellgren\u2010Lawrence grade from preoperative to final follow\u2010up. Progression was defined as an increase of at least 1 Kellgren\u2010Lawrence grade. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score\u2010patellofemoral subscale and the Hospital for Special Surgery patella score. Outcomes were compared using Student's\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010test or the Mann\u2010Whitney\n                      <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                      test. Predictors of PF OA progression were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Survival analysis was performed with conversion to knee arthroplasty as the endpoint.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 168 knees were included. The mean follow\u2010up period was 12.2\u2009years (range, 10.0\u201016.9\u2009years). The 10\u2010year survival rate was 91.3%, and no knees required conversion to knee arthroplasty for PF OA. PF OA progression was observed in 55.4% (93\/168). There were no significant differences in the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score\u2010patellofemoral subscale or Hospital for Special Surgery patella score between the groups (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score\u2010patellofemoral subscale: 68.5 vs 69.8,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.533; Hospital for Special Surgery patella score: 89.0 vs 91.0,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.179). Multivariate logistic regression identified correction angle (odds ratio, 1.361;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.004) and preoperative Kellgren\u2010Lawrence grade of the PF joint (odds ratio, 0.241;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.002) as independent predictors of PF OA progression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although PF OA progressed after open\u2010wedge high tibial osteotomy, it did not adversely affect the long\u2010term clinical outcomes at a mean follow\u2010up of 12.2\u2009years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level IV, retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/arj.70617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T05:55:21Z","timestamp":1790056521000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Radiographic Progression of Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis Is Not Associated With Long\u2010Term Clinical Outcomes After Open\u2010Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy: A 10\u2010Year Minimum Follow\u2010Up"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Tetsuro","family":"Shimada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty of Medicine Fukuoka University  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Maeyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty of Medicine Fukuoka University  Fukuoka 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Surgery and Joint Reconstructive Center Kitakyushu General Hospital  Kitakyushu City Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8297-7648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetsuro","family":"Ishimatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty of Medicine Fukuoka University  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6187-4957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takuaki","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty of Medicine Fukuoka University  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510377445","article-title":"Long\u2010term survival of high 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Differences in symptoms based on patient\u2010standing type evaluation with and without patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis","volume":"58","author":"Gomi N","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indian J Orthop."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2023.05.007","article-title":"Patellofemoral osteoarthritis progression after open\u2010wedge high tibial osteotomy does not affect the clinical outcomes or survivorship at minimum 7 years\u2019 follow\u2010up","volume":"40","author":"Goshima K","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthroscopy."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2972","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465221113324","article-title":"Does degeneration of the patellofemoral joint after medial open\u2010wedge high tibial osteotomy affect clinical outcomes?","volume":"50","author":"Yoon WK","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Sports 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Preoperative planning of uniapical angular deformities of the tibia or femur","volume":"280","author":"Paley D","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198769050-00016","article-title":"Radiographic analysis of the axial alignment of the lower extremity","volume":"69","author":"Moreland JR","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)30753-7","article-title":"The effect of high tibial osteotomy on osteoarthritis of the knee. An arthroscopic study of 54 knee joints","volume":"10","author":"Fujisawa Y","year":"1979","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","first-page":"195","article-title":"Evaluation of methods for radiographic measurement of the tibial slope. 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K","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthroscopy."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14299","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000014299","article-title":"Large deformity correction in medial open\u2010wedge high tibial osteotomy may cause degeneration of patellofemoral cartilage: A retrospective study","volume":"98","author":"Otakara E","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3270","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-019-05836-1","article-title":"Distal tibial tubercle osteotomy is superior to the proximal 1 for progression of patellofemoral osteoarthritis in medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy","volume":"28","author":"Ogawa H","year":"2020","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2718","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546520943872","article-title":"Patellofemoral cartilage degeneration after closed\u2010 and open\u2010wedge high tibial 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