{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T09:58:08Z","timestamp":1760954288735},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,5]],"date-time":"2002-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1012867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To characterize abnormalities in magnesium levels in the muscles of patients with dermatomyositis (DM) and juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) and to evaluate the beneficial effects of prednisone and immunosuppressive therapy in elevating free magnesium (Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>) and ATP\u2010bound magnesium (Mg\u2010ATP).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study groups consisted of 12 adult patients with DM and 10 juvenile patients with JDM. The 2 control groups were 11 normal adults and 6 healthy children. Levels of total ATP in the quadriceps muscles of the subjects were determined during rest, exercise, and recovery, using noninvasive P\u201031 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Concentrations of the biologically active free Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> and the enzymatically active Mg\u2010ATP complex were determined from the spectroscopy data by calculation of the chemical shifts of the \u03b2\u2010phosphate peak of ATP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mg\u2010ATP levels in DM and JDM myopathic muscles were at least 37% lower than those in normal muscles during rest, exercise, and recovery from exercise (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0005). Free Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> levels were normal in DM and JDM myopathic muscles at rest, but were significantly lower than control values during exercise and recovery (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.029 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.005 for DM and JDM, respectively). Prednisone and immunosuppressive therapy partially reversed the magnesium abnormalities, as evidenced by elevation of the levels of Mg\u2010ATP and free Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low levels of Mg\u2010ATP and free Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> are concordant with weakness and fatigue observed in DM and JDM patients. Immunosuppressive therapy alleviates, in part, the magnesium deficits in the diseased muscles. Therefore, Mg\u2010ATP and free Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> may play a significant role in the pathophysiology of these diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,25]],"date-time":"2002-08-25T22:20:15Z","timestamp":1030314015000},"page":"475-488","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Magnesium abnormalities of skeletal muscle in dermatomyositis and juvenile dermatomyositis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Kenneth J.","family":"Niermann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy J.","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane H.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.177.2.2217788"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"1693","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging in the idiopathic myopathies","volume":"18","author":"Fraser DD","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780350212"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","first-page":"S243","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and P\u201031 MR spectroscopy (MRS) for evaluation of juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM)","volume":"37","author":"Ryder N","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200010)43:10<2359::AID-ANR25>3.0.CO;2-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780380111"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780370519"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","first-page":"S97","article-title":"Abnormalities in levels of free and ATP\u2010bound magnesium (Mg2+) in muscles of dermatomyositis patients","volume":"39","author":"Phothimat P","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","first-page":"163","article-title":"Free and ATP\u2010bound magnesium levels are decreased in muscle disease: dermatomyositis","volume":"5","author":"Park JH","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int Soc Magn Reson Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","first-page":"S194","article-title":"Abnormalities in levels of total and ATP\u2010bound magnesium (Mg2+) in muscles of juvenile dermatomyositis patients","volume":"43","author":"Niermann KJ","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"509","article-title":"Magnesium deficiency","volume":"28","author":"Cronin RE","year":"1983","journal-title":"Adv Int Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2143(96)90080-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)81382-5","article-title":"Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of adenosine di\u2010 and triphosphate","volume":"237","author":"Cohn M","year":"1962","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6172","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)34595-7","article-title":"The determination of the free magnesium level in the human red blood cell by P\u201031 NMR","volume":"252","author":"Gupta R","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(95)00196-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.15.6810"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-59-703-695"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910360323"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","first-page":"135","article-title":"Should magnesium therapy be considered for the treatment of coronary heart disease? 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