{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T20:45:08Z","timestamp":1761511508697},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,8]],"date-time":"2002-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1020816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To analyze immunoregulatory abnormalities in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by assessing the expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) for types 1 and 2 recombination activating genes (RAG) in the peripheral blood of patients with active SLE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined B cell populations and also individual B cells from patients with SLE for the expression of RAG mRNA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analysis of bulk mRNA indicated that RAG1 and RAG2 mRNA were found routinely in peripheral B cells of patients with active SLE, but not in healthy subjects. When assessed on a single\u2010cell basis, there was a 3\u2010fold increase in the frequency of RAG1\u2010 and RAG2\u2010expressing B cells in SLE patients compared with healthy subjects. Notably, B cells expressing both RAG1 and RAG2 mRNA expressed only IgD mRNA, but not IgG mRNA. Fifty percent of RAG\u2010expressing B cells also expressed VpreB mRNA, whereas all expressed CD154 mRNA. Phenotypic analysis indicated that RAG\u2010expressing B cells were activated, mature B cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results indicate that RAG expression is up\u2010regulated in peripheral IgD+ and VpreB+ B cells of patients with active SLE. These cells may contribute to the immunoregulatory abnormalities in patients with SLE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,6]],"date-time":"2002-10-06T12:20:06Z","timestamp":1033906806000},"page":"1255-1263","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Expression of recombination activating genes 1 and 2 in peripheral B cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Hermann J.","family":"Girschick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amrie 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