{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T10:00:40Z","timestamp":1769335240983,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,6]],"date-time":"2002-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1023321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>A vaccine for Lyme disease was approved in 1998 for use in the US. Given the high cost of the vaccine, the low risk of Lyme disease in many areas, and the largely curable nature of the disease, the cost\u2010effectiveness of the vaccine in various risk groups is uncertain. This study was undertaken to examine the cost\u2010effectiveness of the Lyme disease vaccine and the factors that influence its cost\u2010effectiveness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We constructed a Markov decision\u2010analysis model to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and cost\u2010effectiveness of the Lyme disease vaccine in populations at various levels of risk for the disease. The probabilities of clinical events and costs were estimated from reports in the literature. Sensitivity analyses assessed the impact of potential variations of parameters on model results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At the average national incidence of Lyme disease (0.0067%), the incremental cost\u2010effectiveness of vaccination was \u223c$1,600,000 per case averted when a yearly booster was given for 10 years after the standard initial vaccination regimen of 3 inoculations at 0, 1, and 12 months. For populations with an annual Lyme disease incidence of 1% (the incidence in several well\u2010defined geographical areas of the US), the incremental cost\u2010effectiveness was \u223c$9,900 per case averted. Disease incidence had to exceed 10% before vaccination with yearly boosters became both more effective and more cost saving than no vaccination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Lyme disease vaccine is cost\u2010effective only for individuals who live in areas where Lyme disease is endemic and who are frequently exposed to ticks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,6]],"date-time":"2002-10-06T12:29:56Z","timestamp":1033907396000},"page":"1651-1660","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Cost\u2010effectiveness analysis of the Lyme disease vaccine"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth C.","family":"Hsia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James B.","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. Sanford","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Surveillance for Lyme disease\u2014United States, 1992\u20131998","volume":"49","author":"Orloski KA","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mor Mortal Wkly Rep CDC Surveill Summ"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-199907000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","first-page":"531","article-title":"Lyme disease\u2014United States, 1996","volume":"46","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1997","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-129-7-199810010-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5520(05)70047-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199807233390401"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200107123450207"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","unstructured":"ParentiD SchoenR SennewaldE BuscarinoC van HoeckeC.Evaluation of reactogenicity and immunogenicity of booster doses of LYMErixTM recombinant L\u2010Osp\u2010A vaccine against Lyme disease (LD). 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