{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T20:13:47Z","timestamp":1777493627247,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,11]],"date-time":"2002-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1026345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>As part of a larger, worldwide study of the ethnogeography of myositis, we evaluated the clinical, serologic, and immunogenetic features of Mestizo (Mexican and Guatemalan) and North American Caucasian patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinical manifestations, autoantibodies, HLA\u2010DRB1 and DQA1 alleles, and immunoglobulin Gm\/Km allotypes were compared between 138 Mestizos with IIM and 287 Caucasians with IIM, using the same classification criteria and standardized questionnaires.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>IIM in Mestizo patients was characterized by a higher proportion of dermatomyositis (69% of adult Mestizos versus 35% of adult Caucasians; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and anti\u2010Mi\u20102 autoantibodies (30% versus 7% of adults, respectively, and 32% versus 4% of children, respectively; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). Genetic risk factors also differed in these populations. Whereas Mestizos had no HLA risk factors for IIM, HLA\u2010DRB1*0301, the linked allele DQA1*0501, and DRB1 alleles sharing the first hypervariable region motif <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>EYSTS<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup> were major risk factors in Caucasian patients with IIM. Furthermore, different HLA\u2010DRB1 and DQA1 alleles were associated with anti\u2010Mi\u20102 autoantibodies (DRB1*04 and DQA1*03 in Mestizos and DRB1*07 and DQA1*02 in Caucasians). Immunoglobulin \u03b3\u2010chain allotypes Gm(1), Gm(17) (odds ratio for both 11.3, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.008), and Gm(21) (odds ratio 7.3, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.005) and \u03ba\u2010chain allotype Km(3) (odds ratio 7.3, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.005) were risk factors for IIM in Mestizos; however, no Gm or Km allotypes were risk or protective factors in Caucasians. In addition, Gm and Km phenotypes were unique risk factors (Gm 1,3,17 5,13,21 and Gm 1,17 23 21 and Km 3,3) or protective factors (Km 1,1) for the development of myositis and anti\u2010Mi\u20102 autoantibodies (Gm 1,2,3,17 23 5,13,21) in adult Mestizos.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>IIM in Mesoamerican Mestizos differs from IIM in North American Caucasians in the frequency of phenotypic features and in the immune\u2010response genes predisposing to and protecting from myositis and anti\u2010Mi\u20102 autoantibodies at 4 chromosomal loci. These and other data suggest the likelihood that the expression of IIM is modulated by different genes and environmental exposures around the world.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,11]],"date-time":"2002-09-11T02:05:28Z","timestamp":1031709928000},"page":"1885-1893","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Differences in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy phenotypes and genotypes between Mesoamerican Mestizos and North American Caucasians: Ethnogeographic influences in the genetics and clinical expression of myositis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Ejaz A.","family":"Shamim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa G.","family":"Rider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janardan P.","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terrance P.","family":"O'Hanlon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis J.","family":"Jara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo A.","family":"Samayoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruben","family":"Burgos\u2010Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janitzia","family":"Vazquez\u2010Mellado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Alcocer\u2010Varela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Salazar\u2010Paramo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abraham Garcia","family":"Kutzbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James D.","family":"Malley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ira N.","family":"Targoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ignacio Garcia\u2010De","family":"La Torre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederick W.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00240137"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.99107s5667"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0198-8859(97)00024-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1991.tb05139.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199906)42:6<1071::AID-ANR1>3.0.CO;2-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-7915(95)80100-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-199809000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.20268"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-3579(98)80038-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-199505000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.99107s5693"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"1562","volume-title":"Arthritis and allied conditions: a textbook of rheumatology","author":"Miller FW","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199111000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780341108"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-000-0080-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-199305060-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-200011000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780390910"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","first-page":"1000","article-title":"Immunogenetic studies in families of children with juvenile dermatomyositis","volume":"25","author":"Reed AM","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200010)43:10<2368::AID-ANR26>3.0.CO;2-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2000.01266.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197707000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.9.1385"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1993.tb01991.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199906)42:6<1285::AID-ANR28>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.100.2.274","article-title":"A new rapid method for genetic typing of human immunoglobulins","volume":"100","author":"Vyas GN","year":"1968","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.1996.9.S1.129"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","first-page":"65","article-title":"A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure","volume":"6","author":"Holm S","year":"1979","journal-title":"Scand J Statist"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","first-page":"1198","article-title":"Juvenile dermatomyositis at diagnosis: clinical characteristics of 79 children","volume":"25","author":"Pachman LM","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","first-page":"1794","article-title":"Clinical significance of specific autoantibodies in juvenile dermatomyositis","volume":"23","author":"Feldman BM","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780390521"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","first-page":"S101","article-title":"Latitudinal gradients in the relative prevalence of dermatomyositis and its associated autoantibody, anti\u2010Mi\u20102, in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy","volume":"39","author":"Okada S","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.59.2.141"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","first-page":"1109","article-title":"Association of HLA class I and class II alleles with myositis in Japanese patients","volume":"25","author":"Furuya T","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400710"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(200006)23:6<970::AID-MUS20>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_2","volume-title":"The history and geography of human genes","author":"Cavalli\u2010Sforza LL","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.20.4.524"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199911)42:11<2261::AID-ANR1>3.0.CO;2-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(00)00255-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-199611000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_2","unstructured":"Global and regional health analyses. Atlanta (GA): Office of Global Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;1997."}],"container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fart.10358","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/art.10358","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T21:39:46Z","timestamp":1696973986000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/art.10358"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/art.10358"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.10358","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-3591","1529-0131"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-3591","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-0131","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]}}}