{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T16:33:40Z","timestamp":1782232420349,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,8]],"date-time":"2002-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1036713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify self T cell epitopes associated with proinflammatory immune responses and clinically active juvenile dermatomyositis (juvenile DM). The target of our search for relevant epitopes was represented by amino acid sequences shared between human skeletal myosin and <jats:italic>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:italic> M5 protein. The long\u2010term objective of the project is to identify suitable targets for immunotherapy of the disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used computerized algorithms to identify putative agretopes on both the human myosin and <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic> M5 proteins. Direct binding assays for homolog peptides were used to confirm such predictions. Antigenicity and functional cross\u2010reactivity were evaluated by cytotoxicity assays and by measurement of cytokine levels. Specific T cells were isolated by T cell capture, and T cell receptor (TCR) V<jats:sub>\u03b2<\/jats:sub> gene usage was identified by reverse transcriptase\u2013polymerase chain reaction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified peptides that are targets of disease\u2010specific cytotoxic T cell responses. T cell reactivity against the self peptides correlates with clinical signs of early, active myositis. Such reactivity is accompanied by production of proinflammatory cytokines, which may contribute to the damage. T cell cross\u2010recognition of bacterial and human homologs was shown functionally as well as by sorting peptide\u2010specific T cells and identifying oligoclonal and largely overlapping TCR V<jats:sub>\u03b2<\/jats:sub> gene usage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings represent the first identification of a self epitope in juvenile DM, providing a potential candidate for antigen\u2010specific immune therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,12]],"date-time":"2002-11-12T18:42:32Z","timestamp":1037126552000},"page":"3015-3025","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Self epitopes shared between human skeletal myosin and <i>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/i> M5 protein are targets of immune responses in active juvenile 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