{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T10:51:39Z","timestamp":1769597499607,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,4]],"date-time":"2003-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1067904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Finska L\u00e4kares\u00e4llskapet, Finland"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To study tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF\u03b1) \u2013308 gene promoter polymorphism and circulating levels of TNF\u03b1 and soluble TNF receptor type I (sTNFRI) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with and without reactive amyloidosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a retrospective study, we examined 55 RA patients with biopsy\u2010proven reactive amyloidosis and 55 control RA patients without amyloidosis (matched for age, sex, rheumatoid factor titer, and RA duration). Inflammatory activity was assessed by measuring the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C\u2010reactive protein level. TNF\u03b1 gene promoter polymorphism was studied using polymerase chain reaction\u2013restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Cytokine and receptor levels were measured by enzyme\u2010linked immunoassays.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with RA and amyloidosis had significantly higher TNF\u03b1 and sTNFRI levels than did the control RA patients. The increased circulating levels of TNF\u03b1 correlated with interleukin\u201018 levels, but not with the serum amyloid A protein levels or with TNF\u03b1 \u2013308 gene promoter polymorphism (reported to be associated with high TNF\u03b1 levels and certain disease susceptibilities). In the patients with RA and amyloidosis, those with anemia had significantly higher TNF\u03b1 and sTNFRI levels than did those without anemia, and circulating TNF\u03b1 and sTNFRI levels correlated negatively with hemoglobin concentrations. In the patients with RA and amyloidosis, those with nephropathy had significantly higher TNF\u03b1 and sTNFRI levels than did those without nephropathy; in patients with isolated proteinuria (but no creatinine elevation) the TNF\u03b1 level was also significantly increased, indicating that the TNF\u03b1 elevation was not merely a consequence of impaired renal function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study shows that circulating levels of TNF\u03b1 and sTNFRI are significantly increased in RA patients with amyloidosis as compared with control RA patients without amyloidosis and that the increased levels may be implicated in the pathogenesis of certain disease manifestations, including anemia of chronic disease and renal pathology in reactive amyloidosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,7]],"date-time":"2003-11-07T10:01:05Z","timestamp":1068199265000},"page":"3068-3076","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Tumor necrosis factor \u03b1, its soluble receptor I, and \u2013308 gene promoter polymorphism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with or without amyloidosis: Implications for the pathogenesis of nephropathy and anemia of chronic disease in reactive amyloidosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"C. 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