{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T15:44:58Z","timestamp":1759333498534},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,22]],"date-time":"2005-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1132617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10493,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1977,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the relative roles of the classic and alternative pathways of complement activation in chronic discoid lupus erythematosus (CDLE), serum levels of properdin, C3, and C4, and deposition of these proteins in the dermal\u2010epidermal junction (DEJ) of 20 CDLE patients were compared to the findings in patients with clinically active and inactive SLE. Properdin was demonstrated in the DEJ of 10 of 14 (71%) histologically typical skin lesions from patients with CDLE, usually in association with deposits of immunoglobulin, C3, and C4. Properdin levels in CDLE patients were significantly increased (137 \u00b1 34%) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) when compared to normal controls (101 \u00b1 18%) or to patients with clinically active SLE (89 \u00b1 32%). C3, C4, DNA\u2010binding, and antinuclear antibody tests in CDLE were indistinguishable from those in normals, but significantly different from patients with active SLE (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). The complement profiles of patients with clinically inactive SLE resembled those of CDLE patients more closely than those of active SLE patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780200201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,14]],"date-time":"2007-02-14T18:05:24Z","timestamp":1171476324000},"page":"637-646","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Pathways of complement activation in chronic discoid lupus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Schrager","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naomi F.","family":"Rothfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0307-742X(21)00141-7","article-title":"Complement in lupus","volume":"1","author":"Schur PH","year":"1975","journal-title":"Clinics Rheum Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196803072781004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197210262871701"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.126.4.607"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1963.140","article-title":"The application of the fluorescent antibody technique to the investigation of lupus erythematosus and various dermatoses","volume":"41","author":"Burnham TK","year":"1963","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1971.04000130026003","article-title":"The immunofluorescent \u201cband\u201d test for systemic lupus erythematosus. 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Employing clinically normal skin","volume":"103","author":"Burnham TK","year":"1971","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"575","article-title":"Properdin levels in systemic lupus erythematosus and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis","volume":"16","author":"Perrin LH","year":"1974","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(73)90032-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107225"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107708"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108147"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106534"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197210052871402"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108262"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","first-page":"1493","volume-title":"Lupus erythematosus, Dermatology in General Medicine","author":"Rothfield NF","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197103000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1975.01630230050009","article-title":"Correlation of clinical features with laboratory findings in lupus erythematosus: discoid lupus erythematosus as part of a larger spectrum","volume":"111","author":"Prystowsky SK","year":"1975","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(64)92917-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-7149-6_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12598101"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(76)90030-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","first-page":"643","article-title":"Preliminary criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"21","author":"Cohen AS","year":"1971","journal-title":"Bull Rheum Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196606162742401"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.32.4.337"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.12.2.218-225.1973","article-title":"Hydroxyapatite chromatography and formamide denaturation of adenovirus DNA","volume":"12","author":"Tibbets C","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Virology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1975.tb03075.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1971.04000170020004","article-title":"Direct immunofluorescent studies of pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid","volume":"103","author":"Jordon RE","year":"1971","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(75)90017-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(74)90003-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107359"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.135.4.1003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)91886-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","first-page":"355","article-title":"Conversion of C3 proactivator and activation of the alternate pathway of complement activation by different classes and subclasses of immuno\u2010globulins","volume":"31","author":"Spiegelberg HL","year":"1972","journal-title":"Fed Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.3.5875.326"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.135.9.1217"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_2","first-page":"68","article-title":"Demonstration of immunoglobulins and complement in the skin of patients with lupus erythematosus","volume":"46","author":"Opbroek AAW Ten\u2010Have","year":"1966","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780160314"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1974.tb15863.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-83-4-464"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780170202"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108111"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000231358"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780180401"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107242"}],"container-title":["Arthritis &amp; 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