{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T16:35:39Z","timestamp":1758818139669},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,23]],"date-time":"2005-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1132704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9945,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1978,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recent developments in autoimmunity suggest that there are three stages in the response to self, which can be called autorecognition, autoimmunity, and autoimmune disease. The first is physiologic and fundamental to a network theory of immunologic control that is based upon recognition of idiotypes and antigens related to the major histocompatibility complex. Many foreign antigens may be recognized immunologically only if they can be imposed upon an existing network of immunologic communication. The existence of anti\u2010receptor autoimmune diseases (such as myasthenia gravis and Graves' disease) leads to the postulate that the immune network may normally function to help regulate hormone and other nonimmune cell surface receptors. Chronic autoimmune diseases may be caused either by genetically determined abnormalities in the immune network or by an antigenic perturbation of the network that results in unresponsiveness and tolerance of an offending agent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780210719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,14]],"date-time":"2007-02-14T18:17:08Z","timestamp":1171477028000},"page":"853-861","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Autoimmunity and the immunologic network"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Norman","family":"Talal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"373","volume":"125","author":"Jerne NK","year":"1974","journal-title":"Towards a network theory of the immune system"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1977.041.01.080"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1977.041.01.081"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1977.041.01.082"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","volume-title":"Self recognition: the basic principle in the immune system, Autoimmunity: Genetic, Immunologic, Virologic and Clinical Aspects","author":"Kohler H","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"117","volume-title":"Stimulation and inhibition of T cell helper function by anti\u2010idiotypic antibody, Membrane Receptors of Lymphocytes","author":"Black SJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.147.1.63"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"363","volume-title":"H\u20102 restriction of cell\u2010mediated virus\u2010specific immunity and immunopathology: self\u2010recognition, altered self, and autoaggression, Autoimmunity: Genetic, Immunologic, Virologic and Clinical Aspects","author":"Zinkernagel RM","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.141.6.1348"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1977.041.01.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1977.041.01.066"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(78)90324-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1977.041.01.063"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1977.041.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.147.4.1116"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1977.041.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.145.4.839"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.43.1.184"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)90066-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108218"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","first-page":"53","article-title":"Immunobiology of the autoantibody response. 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