{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T19:52:46Z","timestamp":1759693966377},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,11]],"date-time":"2005-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1134259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9721,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three widely used radioassays that depend on different principles for the measurement of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in biologic fluids are the monoclonal rheumatoid factor (mRF), Raji cell, and C1q binding tests. A comparison of the ability of these methods to measure immune complex\u2010like material in 71 sera and 30 synovial fluids of 91 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was carried out by a group working in adjacent laboratories in a single institution. The highest number of abnormal levels in the seropositive group was detected by the C1q binding assay (91%). Levels of CIC by the mRF and Raji cell tests were elevated in 81% and 76% of the patients, respectively. The closest correlation was between the Raji and mRF cell tests (r = 0.44 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.002) although one depends on complement fixation and one does not. Though significant correlations between the levels of CIC determined by the Clq test and either the mRF (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.2) or Raji cell (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.3) assay were not found in this group, 59% of the samples had elevated levels by all three tests. The frequency of CIC in the sera of patients with seronegative RA was much lower, with the Clq test again giving the highest number of abnormal results (29% versus 16% and 12% for the Raji and mRF tests). In view of the technical problems associated with these tests, particularly lack of a uniform reliable standard, it is likely that all three tests measure the same material in most RA sera and that some of the differences observed are related to inherent variability in the tests themselves rather than intrinsic differences among the CIC detected in these samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780220501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,14]],"date-time":"2007-02-14T18:46:49Z","timestamp":1171478809000},"page":"433-439","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Comparison of Three Immunoassays for Immune Complexes in Rheumatoid Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Ramesh C.","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederic C.","family":"Mcduffie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kent A.","family":"Huston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Tappeiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Meurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Jordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harvinder S.","family":"Luthra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gene G.","family":"Hunder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duane","family":"Ilstrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"249","article-title":"Characterization of IgG complexes in eluates from rheumatoid tissue.","volume":"8","author":"Munthe E","year":"1971","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"265","article-title":"Immunofluorescent demonstration of an IgG\u2010\u03b2IC complex in synovial lining cells of rheumatoid synovial membrane.","volume":"4","author":"Kinsella TD","year":"1969","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"689","article-title":"Gamma globulin complexes in synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: partial characterization and relationship to lowered complement levels.","volume":"6","author":"Winchester RJ","year":"1970","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780150202"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","first-page":"183","article-title":"Polymorphonuclear leukocyte inclusions and impaired bacterial killing in patients with Felty's syndrome.","volume":"88","author":"Gupta RC","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"52","article-title":"Complement activation in seropositive and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis. 125I Clq binding capacity and complement breakdown products in serum and synovial fluid.","volume":"6","author":"Lambert PH","year":"1975","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108112"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108399"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108257"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","first-page":"751","article-title":"Binding of soluble immune complexes to Raji lymphocytes: role of receptors for complement components, Clq and C3\u2010C3b.","volume":"34","author":"Gupta RC","year":"1978","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","first-page":"40","article-title":"Clq binding substances in pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid: detection with a 131 Clq binding assay.","volume":"28","author":"Tappeiner G","year":"1977","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"A collaborative study for the evaluation of eighteen methods for detecting immune complexes in serum.","volume":"1","author":"Lambert PH","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"175","article-title":"Revision of diagnostic criteria for rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"9","author":"Ropes MW","year":"1958","journal-title":"Bull Rheum Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1949.02900430001001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","first-page":"888","article-title":"The latex fixation test. 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The molecular weight and its subunits.","volume":"240","author":"Miller F","year":"1965","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000229699"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.110.3.820","article-title":"Effect of chemical and enzymatic radioiodination on in vitro human Clq activities.","volume":"110","author":"Heusser C","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0019-2791(65)90004-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","first-page":"909","article-title":"Precipitin reactions of the Clq\u2010component of complement with aggregated \u03b3\u2010globulin and immune complexes in gel diffusion.","volume":"19","author":"Agnello V","year":"1970","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/38.5_ts.548","article-title":"Modifications of micro agar precipitin test.","volume":"38","author":"Auernheimer AB","year":"1962","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(71)80028-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107765"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","first-page":"218","article-title":"Complement fixing material in the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"32","author":"McDuffie FC","year":"1978","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.142.1.139"}],"container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fart.1780220501","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/art.1780220501","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T07:03:05Z","timestamp":1700722985000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/art.1780220501"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1979,5]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/art.1780220501"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.1780220501","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-3591","1529-0131"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-3591","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-0131","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1979,5]]}}}