{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T12:28:07Z","timestamp":1790166487726,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,11]],"date-time":"2005-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1134259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9721,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010eight patients with erythema chronicum migrans (ECM) were studied prospectively for 6 to 18 months. Twenty\u2010six patients had no later symptoms, but 22 subsequently developed Lyme arthritis and 9 of them also experienced neurologic abnormalities. Eighty\u2010seven percent of patients with active ECM followed by subsequent involvement had cryoglobulins containing IgM compared to only 13% of those with active ECM and no later symptoms. The former group also had significantly lower IgG, C3, and C4 levels. Sixty\u2010seven percent of patients still had serum cryoglobulins when neurologic disease was most active, and 45% had them when joint symptoms were most severe, but only 11% continued to have small amounts in remission. The number of patients who continued to have serum cryoglobulins with recurrent attacks of arthritis decreased with time. In contrast, patients always had cryoglobulins in joint fluid, a finding Lyme arthritis shares with rheumatoid arthritis. The cryoprecipitates from 2 of 10 patients contained particles with internal structure, but their viral nature is problematic. All components of antisera obtained from goats and rabbits immunized with cryoglobulins were absorbed by normal human sera. The amount of IgM in cryoglobulins correlated directly with serum IgM, which generally rose during exacerbations and fell during remissions; serum IgG and IgA moved conversely. Thus, IgM was an important correlate of clinical disease activity and IgG of remission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780220506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,14]],"date-time":"2007-02-14T18:46:49Z","timestamp":1171478809000},"page":"471-483","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["Correlation of Serum and Cryoglobulin IgM with Activity, and Serum IgG with Remission"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Allen C.","family":"Steere","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Hardin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaun","family":"Ruddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon G.","family":"Mummaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen E.","family":"Malawista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780200102"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-86-6-685"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780210129"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"353","article-title":"Erythema chronicum migrans and Lyme arthritis: related problems recently recognized in Connecticut.","volume":"42","author":"Steere AC","year":"1978","journal-title":"Conn Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112625"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112626","article-title":"Erythema chronicum migrans and Lyme arthritis: field study of ticks.","volume":"108","author":"Wallis RC","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.870973"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108144"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","first-page":"754","article-title":"Cryoglobulinemia in infectious mononucleosis: quantitation and characterization of the cryoproteins.","volume":"71","author":"Kaplan ME","year":"1968","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000230129"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-73-4-553"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"131","article-title":"Cryoglobulinaemia in patients with infectious endocarditis.","volume":"19","author":"Hurwitz D","year":"1975","journal-title":"Cell Exp Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","first-page":"175","article-title":"Immune complex cryoglobulinaemia in lepromatous leprosy.","volume":"9","author":"Bonomo L","year":"1971","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000230771"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105541"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108125"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","first-page":"117","article-title":"Cryoglobulins in vasculitis.","volume":"10","author":"Cream JJ","year":"1972","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(74)90852-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","first-page":"599","article-title":"Cryoglobulins in acute and chronic liver diseases.","volume":"16","author":"Florin\u2010Christensen A","year":"1974","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","first-page":"209","article-title":"The interaction of rheumatoid factor with hepatitis B surface antigen\u2010antibody complexes.","volume":"19","author":"Markenson JA","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Exp Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780120202"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.1969.tb04711.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197611182952105"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(76)80461-1","article-title":"Cryoprotein complexes and peripheral neuropathy in patients with chronic active hepatitis.","volume":"71","author":"Farivar M","year":"1976","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197706302962605"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(76)90436-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","unstructured":".ReikL SteereAC BartenhagenNH et al: Neurologic abnormalities of Lyme disease.Medicine(in press)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","first-page":"161","volume-title":"Immunological Diseases.","author":"Dixon FJ","year":"1965"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.157.3793.1200"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","unstructured":".HardinJA WalkerLC SteereAC et al: Circulating immune complexes in Lyme arthritis: detection by the125I\u2010Clq binding Clq solid phase and Raji cell assays.J Clin Invest March 1979(in press)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.208.3.497"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(68)90243-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-73-1-95"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106493"}],"container-title":["Arthritis &amp; 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