{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T09:44:18Z","timestamp":1767260658612},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,11]],"date-time":"2005-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1134259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9537,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Treatment of mice with sustained high levels of \u03b2\u2010estradiol leads to a reduction in natural killer cell activity and genetic resistance to bone marrow transplantation. The loss of natural killing does not seem to result from either humoral or immune suppression. Natural killer cells are thought to depend on the bone marrow, and it is notable that estrogens reduce natural killing at approximately the same time that they produce a loss of marrow due to osteoproliferation. Similarly, mice with congenital osteopetrosis are deficient in natural killing. However, changes in natural killing during and after treatment with estrogen do not correspond directly to changes in marrow volume. Estrogens are known to exacerbate spontaneous autoimmunity in NZB\/NZW mice. The relationship between this effect and the effect of estrogen on natural killing is not clear. When natural killing is lowered in NZB\/NZW mice by the in vivo administration of <jats:sup>89<\/jats:sup>Sr, autoimmunity is reduced.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780221110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,14]],"date-time":"2007-02-14T18:10:18Z","timestamp":1171476618000},"page":"1234-1240","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Effect of estrogen on natural killer cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"William E.","family":"Seaman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas D.","family":"Gindhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.121.6.2193","article-title":"\u03b2\u2010estradiol reduces natural killer cells in mice","volume":"121","author":"Seaman WE","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.122.6.2541","article-title":"Natural killer cells, bone, and the bone marrow: studies in estrogen\u2010treated mice and in congenitally osteopetrotic mice","volume":"122","author":"Seaman WE","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.148.1.163"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"1560","article-title":"Genetic resistance to HSV\u20101 in the mouse is mediated by the \u201cM\u201d cell of allogeneic resistance (abstract)","volume":"37","author":"Lopez C","year":"1978","journal-title":"Fed Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910160205"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830050209"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/278174a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.121.1.304","article-title":"Low density of Thy\u20101 antigen on mouse effector cells mediating natural cytotoxicity against tumor cells","volume":"121","author":"Herberman RB","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.147.6.1568"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1952.32.4.379"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","first-page":"401","volume-title":"Steroid hormones and bone, The Biochemistry and Physiology of Bone","author":"Silberg M","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","first-page":"807","article-title":"Effects of estrogens on hematopoietic stem cells and on hematopoiesis of mice","volume":"83","author":"Fried W","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(08)60202-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.118.4.1503","article-title":"Suppression of natural killer cell activity with radioactive strontium: effector cells are marrow dependent","volume":"118","author":"Haller O","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","first-page":"71","article-title":"Selective elimination of bone marrow precursors with the bone seeking isotope 89Sr: implications for hemopoiesis, lymphopoiesis, viral leukemogenesis and infection","volume":"20","author":"Bennett M","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Reticuloeendothel Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.110.2.510","article-title":"Prevention of marrow allograft rejection with radioactive strontium: evidence for marrow\u2010dependent effector cells","volume":"110","author":"Bennett M","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.134.1.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.134.6.1513"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1964.tb53609.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1040710304"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","first-page":"227","volume-title":"Mammalian osteopetrosis\u2014a model for studying cellular and humoral factors in bone resorption, The Physiology and Biochemistry of Bone","author":"Marks SC","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","first-page":"657","article-title":"89Strontium reduces autoimmunity in NZB\/NZW mice (abstract)","volume":"22","author":"Seaman WE","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"}],"container-title":["Arthritis &amp; 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