{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T11:33:22Z","timestamp":1770982402453,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,23]],"date-time":"2005-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1132704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9153,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1980,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Synovial fluid of 20 children with seronegative juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and 20 patients with other joint pathology was examined for levels of total hemolytic complement and selected components, immune complexes, and \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010macroglobulin (\u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010M). When adjusted for total protein, synovial levels of total hemolytic complement, C3, C4, and \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010M did not differ significantly in the two groups. The concentrations of IgM and IgG were elevated in the JRA synovial fluid, but immune complexes were not increased when compared with the non\u2010JRA group as determined by the Raji cell technique. \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010M activity against substrates of C1 esterase was absent. Therefore, evidence of specific increase in immune complexes and complement activation was sought but not found, suggesting that they may not be a major factor in the pathogonesis of seronegative, pauciarticular JRA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780231105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,14]],"date-time":"2007-02-14T19:10:11Z","timestamp":1171480211000},"page":"1256-1261","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Synovial fluid in seronegative juvenile rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Christina L.","family":"Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren M.","family":"Pachman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"S195","article-title":"Current proposed revision of JRA criteria","volume":"20","author":"Brewer EJ","year":"1977","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"189","article-title":"Prognosis in Still's disease","volume":"9","author":"Ansell BM","year":"1959","journal-title":"Bull Rheum Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780120204"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"1863","article-title":"HLA\u2010Dw4 in adult and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis","author":"Stastny P","year":"1977","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(76)81043-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780190206"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"116","volume-title":"Immunological and immunopathological aspects of chronic synovitis, Chronic Forms of Polyarthritis","author":"Fehr K","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-197306000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a130154"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","first-page":"27","article-title":"Preparation et proprietes de l'alpha2\u2010macroglobulin de cheval","volume":"119","author":"Lavergne M","year":"1970","journal-title":"Ann Inst Pasteur"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","first-page":"663","volume-title":"Alpha2\u2010macroglobulin, a physiological regulator of proteinase activity, Proteinases in Mammalian Cells and Tissues","author":"Starkey PM","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.33.1.32"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.28.4.424"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780140603"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780200214"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.105.6.1493","article-title":"Properties of soluble immune complexes","volume":"105","author":"Lightfoot RWM","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780220510"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","first-page":"61","volume-title":"Complement and soluble mediators in inflammation, Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis","author":"Pachman LM","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0019-2791(65)90004-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","first-page":"113","article-title":"A modification of the latex fixation test for the study of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"50","author":"Rheins MS","year":"1957","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","first-page":"890","article-title":"Clinical application of lupus serum\u2010nucleoprotein reaction using the fluorescent antibody technique","volume":"36","author":"Friou GJ","year":"1957","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","first-page":"135","volume-title":"Hemolytic assay of complement, Experimental Immunochemistry","author":"Mayer MM","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","first-page":"676","volume-title":"Complement receptors on Raji cells as in vitro detectors of immune complexes in human sera, Manual of Clinical Immunology","author":"Theofilopoulos AN","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(66)90037-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","first-page":"304","article-title":"In vivo synthesis of IgG by rheumatoid synovium","volume":"76","author":"Sliwinski AJ","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","first-page":"9","article-title":"Studies on synovial fluid in arthritis. 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