{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T21:24:56Z","timestamp":1780694696515,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,28]],"date-time":"2005-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1133136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8977,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the impact of synovial fluid volume on oxygen tension (PO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) and other metabolic correlates, 24 specimens of synovial fluid from the knees of 22 patients were analyzed for volume, number of leukocytes (WBC), pH, Po<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, Pco<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, glucose, protein, and complement (CH50) levels. Concurrent arterial blood samples were obtained in 21 instances. Synovial fluid Po<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> values varied inversely with volumes of synovial fluid (r = \u22120.54, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01), but when patients with rheumatoid arthritis were excluded, the correlation was more significant (r = \u22120.76, P &lt; 0.001). When synovial fluid Po<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> dropped below 45 mm Hg, intraarticular acidosis resulted. The decrease in pH (r = 0.93, P &lt; 0.001), the lowering of glucose values (r = 0.89, P &lt; 0.001), and the rise in Pco<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (r = \u22120.79, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) can be explained by a shift toward anaerobic metabolism coupled with the impaired elimination of its products. Systemic acidosis and hypoxia were not found. Intraarticular hypoxia most likely represents circulatory imbalance at the level of the synovial membrane, although an inverse relationship of synovial fluid Po<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and WBC was also noted. Complement and protein levels had no correlation with volume, pH, or respiratory gas tensions of synovial fluids. Our data support the importance of the effective blood flow to the joint in maintaining homeostasis. The volume of synovial effusion and the compliance of the joint capsule appear to be important determinants of the articular blood supply.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780240512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,14]],"date-time":"2007-02-14T19:19:45Z","timestamp":1171480785000},"page":"701-705","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Reciprocal relationship of synovial fluid volume and Oxygen tension"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Alan I.","family":"Richman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene Y.","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"George","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780140407"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(70)80078-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780130606"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106594"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.108.2.467","article-title":"Immune hemolysis: differing susceptibility of three genetic types of sheep red cells","volume":"108","author":"Bell DA","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"35","volume-title":"Synovial fluid, Laboratory Diagnostic Procedures in the Rheumatic Diseases","author":"Cohen AS","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780220701"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780150407"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"123","article-title":"On inflammation in human knee joints","volume":"38","author":"Dick C","year":"1970","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","first-page":"318","article-title":"In vitro studies on human synovial membrane: a metabolic comparison of normal and rheumatoid tissue","volume":"37","author":"Dingle JTM","year":"1956","journal-title":"Br J Exp Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.29.6.649"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.29.2.131"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.29.3.266"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780110604"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.29.4.401"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.54B4.710","article-title":"Capsular compliance and pressure\u2010volume relationships in normal and arthritic knees","volume":"54","author":"Myers DB","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105372"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","first-page":"334","article-title":"Anaerobic and aerobic metabolism in articular cartilage","volume":"4","author":"Lane JM","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780170307"}],"container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fart.1780240512","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/art.1780240512","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T17:41:50Z","timestamp":1700761310000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/art.1780240512"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1981,5]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/art.1780240512"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.1780240512","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-3591","1529-0131"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-3591","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-0131","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1981,5]]}}}