{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T09:02:45Z","timestamp":1762160565817},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,28]],"date-time":"2005-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1133136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8701,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The existence of a subpopulation of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who lack detectable rheumatoid factor (RF) is well documented. The cellular basis for nonexpression of RF in seronegative RA is not understood. In order to approach this problem, we compared mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) from 20 healthy adult controls, 20 seropositive RA and 22 seronegative RA patients to assess their capacity to synthesize IgM and IgM RF in vitro in the presence and absence of pokeweed mitogen (PWM). MNL from 10 of 20 seropositive RA patients spontaneously elaborated IgM RF (mean = 16.7 ng\/10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> cells), whereas this was not observed with MNL from either controls or seronegative patients. Small quantities of IgM were spontaneously released by MNL from the seropositive (68.1 ng\/10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> cells), seronegative (43.1 ng\/10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> cells), and control (142.3 ng\/10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> cells) groups. PWM induced IgM RF production by MNL from 10 of 20 controls (18.5 ng\/10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> cells) and 8 of 22 seronegative RA patients (13.5 ng\/10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> cells); however, this was significantly less than the production observed with seropositive RA MNL (13 of 20; 37.5 ng\/10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> cells). In contrast, IgM production in response to PWM was significantly less in both the seronegative (999.7 ng\/10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> cells) and seropositive RA groups (471.7 ng\/10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> cells) than in the control group (2,678 ng\/10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> cells). IgM RF constituted a significantly higher proportion of total IgM synthesized by seropositive RA MNL (10.7%) than either seronegative RA MNL (2.5%) or control MNL (1.2%). Differences in IgM RF production in vitro could not be explained by HLA\u2014DR4 status. Hidden RF was not detected in seronegative MNL supernatants. The results indicate clear differences in the pattern of in vitro release of IgM and IgM RF by MNL from seronegative RA patients as compared to either seropositive RA MNL or control MNL. The similarity of seronegative RA MNL to control MNL with regard to in vitro expression of IgM RF suggests that regulatory mechanisms governing RF synthesis are relatively intact in patients who have seronegative RA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780250206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,14]],"date-time":"2007-02-14T19:44:05Z","timestamp":1171482245000},"page":"150-155","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Differential patterns of in vitro IgM rheumatoid factor synthesis in seronegative and seropositive rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Graciela S.","family":"Alarc\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Koopman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralph E.","family":"Schrohenloher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.19.3.209"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(76)90013-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.125.2.934","article-title":"In vitro synthesis of IgM rheumatoid factor by lymphocytes from healthy adults","volume":"125","author":"Koopman WJ","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780230904"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","first-page":"16","article-title":"Revision of diagnostic criteria of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"2","author":"A Committee of the American Rheumatism Association","year":"1958","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"888","article-title":"The latex fixation test. I. Application to the serologic diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"21","author":"Singer JM","year":"1956","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"77","article-title":"Separation of leukocytes from blood and bone marrow","volume":"21","author":"B\u00f6yum A","year":"1968","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest (suppl 97)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780230306"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"304","article-title":"Immunoglobulin E in immunologic deficiency diseases. II. Serum IgE concentration of patients with acquired hypogammaglobulinemia, thymoma and hypogammaglobulinemia, myotonic dystrophy, intestinal lymphangiectasia, and Wiscott\u2010Aldrich syndrome","volume":"109","author":"Waldmann TA","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197804202981602"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780230307"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1979.tb01137.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","unstructured":"Alarc\u00f3nGS KoopmanWJ BargerBO ActonRT: Seronegative rheumatoid arthritis: a distinct immunogenetic disease.Arthritis Rheum(in press)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(69)92331-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","first-page":"697","article-title":"In vitro synthesis of immunoglobulin and IgM\u2010rheumatoid factor by blood mononuclear cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (abstract)","volume":"23","author":"Jasin HE","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.125.3.1125","article-title":"Cellular requirements for pokeweed mitogen\u2010induced autoantibody production in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"125","author":"Tsoukas CD","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.124.2.656","article-title":"Induction and suppression of immunoglobulin synthesis in culture of human lymphocytes:effects of pokeweed mitogen and Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I","volume":"124","author":"Pryjma J","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.126.2.529","article-title":"Human B cell activation in vitro:augmentation and suppression by monocytes of the immunoglobulin production induced by various B cell stimulants","volume":"126","author":"Gmelig\u2010Meyling F","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(56)90104-8"}],"container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fart.1780250206","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/art.1780250206","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,7]],"date-time":"2023-10-07T21:08:10Z","timestamp":1696712890000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/art.1780250206"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1982,2]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/art.1780250206"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.1780250206","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-3591","1529-0131"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-3591","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-0131","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1982,2]]}}}