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Under these conditions, bacterial effects on cartilage degradation and cell viability are measured in the absence of inflammation. <jats:italic>E coli<\/jats:italic> causes a 28% loss and <jats:italic>S aureus<\/jats:italic> an 83% loss of cartilage glycosaminoglycan within 48 hours. Collagen content is unchanged. Both bacterial species induce chondrocyte death in explants and in monolayers within 48 hours. Bacterial effects on glycosaminoglycans and cell viability do not result from depletion of nutrients from the culture medium. 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