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In order to evaluate the immunologic effects of this drug in vivo, 23 cardiac disease patients who had received procainamide for at least 6 months and an equal number of matched cardiac disease control subjects were studied, and percentage of circulating T cell subsets, concanavalin A\u2010induced suppressor cell activity, and pokeweed mitogen\u2010stimulated generation of immunoglobulin\u2010secreting cells was quantitated. There was no significant difference between patient and control groups in the percentage of T cell subsets defined by OKT4 and OKT8 monoclonal antibodies or in concanavalin A\u2010induced suppressor cell activity. The numbers of pokeweed mitogen\u2010induced immunoglobulinsecreting cells were markedly decreased in the patient group, as measured by the protein A\u2010augmented reverse hemolytic plaque assay (3,000 \u00b1 644, mean \u00b1 SEM in patients versus 10,826 \u00b1 1,529, mean \u00b1 SEM in control subjects, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.005). Removal of the adherent cell fraction did not improve the hyporesponsiveness. When B and T cell fractions of 6 patients were mixed with normal T and B cell fractions, all of the patients demonstrated diminished B cell responses, and one\u2010half also had diminished T cell responses. Addition of patient adherent cells to a co\u2010culture of normal B cells with deficient patient T cells restored plaque formation to normal levels, suggesting that the T cell defect was correctable by a macrophage\u2010derived factor. The data obtained suggest that procainamide exerts an immunosuppressive action on both B and T cell function in patients receiving this drug.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780280307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,14]],"date-time":"2007-02-14T21:03:37Z","timestamp":1171487017000},"page":"276-284","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Effects of long\u2010term procainamide therapy on immunoglobulin synthesis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Chia\u2010Li","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morris","family":"Ziff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"664","article-title":"Drug\u2010induced lupus syndromes","volume":"44","author":"Alar\u0107n\u2010Segovia 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