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No consistent relationship was found between either the mast cell number or histamine level and the patients' diagnoses, except that the 2 patients with systemic mastocytosis had markedly elevated values for both SF mast cell number and histamine content. SF mast cells from one of the mastocytosis patients were studied for histamine release; significant amounts of histamine were released upon exposure to anti\u2010human IgE, but not compound 48\/80. Thus, mast cells similar to those present in connective tissue are frequently present in SF in numbers which correlate with SF histamine levels. These mast cells contain active proteases and are capable of degranulation. Mast cells were consistently present in large numbers in the SF of patients with systemic mastocytosis, but their numbers were highly variable in fluids of patients with other diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780290803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,14]],"date-time":"2007-02-14T21:53:56Z","timestamp":1171490036000},"page":"956-963","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":112,"title":["Mast cell numbers and histamine levels in synovial fluids from patients with diverse arthritides"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Daniel G.","family":"Malone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne\u2010Marie","family":"Irani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence B.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim E.","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dean D.","family":"Metcalfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780270802"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780270803"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"622","article-title":"Mast cells: their distribution in various human tissues","volume":"45","author":"Janes J","year":"1948","journal-title":"Arch Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"1061","article-title":"Histochemical studies on the pathogenesis of fibrinoid","volume":"25","author":"Altschuler CH","year":"1949","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.9.2.149"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"657","article-title":"The mast cell in synovial membrane of patients with joint diseases","volume":"47","author":"Okada Y","year":"1973","journal-title":"Jpn J Orthop Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1177\/014107688407700602","article-title":"Mast cells in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"77","author":"Crisp AJ","year":"1984","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00541181"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"23","article-title":"The mast cell","volume":"3","author":"Metcalfe DD","year":"1981","journal-title":"CRC Crit Rev Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780270801"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.44.5.312"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01486688"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(83)90125-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.134.1.526","article-title":"Monoclonal antibodies against human mast cell tryptase demonstrate shared antigenic sites on subunits of tryptase and selective localization of the enzyme to mast cells","volume":"134","author":"Schwartz LB","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Immunnol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","unstructured":"CraigSS DebloisG SchwartzLB: Mast cells in human keloid small intestine and lung by an immunoperoxidase technique using a murine monoclonal antibody against tryptase.Am J Pathol(in press)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","first-page":"11","volume-title":"Immunocytochemistry today: techniques and practice, Immunocytochemistry: Practical Applications in Pathology and Biology","author":"Van Noorden S","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(82)90233-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1979.tb07843.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01967313"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","first-page":"61","volume-title":"Serotonin metabolism in joint diseases, Serotonin in Health and Disease","author":"Igari T","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","first-page":"19","article-title":"Untersuchungen \u00fcber Histamin bei rheumatischen Erkranugen","volume":"41","author":"Partsch G","year":"1982","journal-title":"Z Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)68496-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.130.4.1891"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2120517"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2250315"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.130.1.341"}],"container-title":["Arthritis &amp; 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