{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T05:45:30Z","timestamp":1700718330688},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,29]],"date-time":"2005-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1133222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6207,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined the influence of prostaglandin E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) on the in vitro synthesis of rheumatoid factor (RF) by purified human B and T lymphocytes stimulated with <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> Cowan 1 or pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Supernatants were assayed for total IgM and RF. PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> at concentrations of 10<jats:sup>\u22127<\/jats:sup><jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic> to 10<jats:sup>\u22129<\/jats:sup><jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic> significantly inhibited RF and IgM secretion stimulated by <jats:italic>S aureus<\/jats:italic> Cowan 1, a cross\u2010linker of B cell surface Ig. The magnitude of inhibition of RF production was significantly greater than that of total IgM at low PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> concentrations (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). In contrast, PWM\u2010stimulated cultures were only minimally inhibited by PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> at all concentrations tested. Since cross\u2010linking of surface Ig renders B cells more susceptible to inhibition by PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, heat\u2010aggregated IgG (HAIgG) was added to the PWM\u2010stimulated cultures in an attempt to increase the sensitivity of precursors of RF\u2010secreting cells to the inhibitory effects of PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. Addition of HAIgG markedly increased PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010mediated inhibition of RF synthesis without significantly affecting IgM production. Inhibition could not be overcome by the addition of soluble T helper cell factors, indicating that PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010mediated suppression was not the result of an inhibitory action of T helper cells. When lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis were examined, HAIgG was found to be unable to induce sensitivity to PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010mediated inhibition of responsiveness. These results suggest that down\u2010regulation of RF synthesis requires both cross\u2010linking of surface Ig and the influence of PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. Abnormalities in this immunoregulatory mechanism may explain the ongoing production of RF in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780311203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,14]],"date-time":"2007-02-14T22:15:20Z","timestamp":1171491320000},"page":"1473-1480","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Prostaglandin e<sub>2<\/sub> modulation of rheumatoid factor synthesis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Alvarellos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter E.","family":"Lipsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hugo 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