{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T05:48:11Z","timestamp":1769233691519,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,9]],"date-time":"2005-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1134086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5640,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of exogenous sex hormones in relaiton to the risk of rheumatoid arthiritis (RA) was examined in a cohort of married nurses 30\u201355 years of age followed since 1976 in the Nurses' Health Study. Baseline information on the use of oral contraceptives, replacement estrogens, and other potential risk factors was obtianed in 1976 and updated every 2 years. During 8 years of followup, 217 incident cases of polyarthritis were ascertained (115 RA and 102 undifferentiated polyarthritis). When compared with women who had never used oral contraceptives, the age\u2010adjusted relative risk was 1.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.7\u20131.3) for past users; however, too few women were currently using oral contraceptives for a reliable estimate of its effect. Among postmenopausal women, 123 cases of RA were reported. Compared with postmenopausal women who never used replacement estrogens, current users had an age\u2010adjusted relative risk of 1.3 (95% CI 0.9\u20132.0), past users had an age\u2010adjusted relative risk of 0.7 (95% CI 0.5\u20131.2), and ever users had a relative risk of 1.0 (95% CI 0.7\u20131.4). These data do not show a protective effect of past use of oral contraceptives or replacement estrogens for RA; however, a modest protective effect of current oral contraceptive use cannot be excluded.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,14]],"date-time":"2007-02-14T23:26:57Z","timestamp":1171495617000},"page":"947-953","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Exogenous sex hormones and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Mauricio","family":"Hernandez\u2010Avila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew H.","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walter C.","family":"Willett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meir J.","family":"Stampfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graham A.","family":"Colditz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Rosner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roland W.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles H.","family":"Hennekens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank E.","family":"Speizer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(86)90086-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"569","article-title":"Reduction in incidence of rheumatoid arthritis associated with oral contraceptives.","author":"Wingrave SJ","year":"1978","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(82)90809-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)92413-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.254.14.1938"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1986.03370100093024","article-title":"Noncontraceptive hormones and rheumatoid arthritis in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.","volume":"255","author":"Vandenbroucke JP","year":"1986","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Use of oral contraception in the United States 1982.","volume":"102","author":"Bachrac CA","year":"1984","journal-title":"Advance Data"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"441","article-title":"Noncontraceptive estrogens and progestins: use patterns over time.","volume":"65","author":"Kennedy DL","year":"1985","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198510243131703"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114156"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780310302"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","volume-title":"Principles and Quantitative Methods.","author":"Kleinbaum DG","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x","article-title":"Regression model and life\u2010tables.","volume":"34","author":"Cox DR","year":"1972","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc (B)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780280202"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-5-3-435"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","first-page":"531","article-title":"Sex hormones, immune responses and autoimmune diseases.","volume":"212","author":"Ahmed SA","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(79)90069-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(83)90155-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03009748909099921"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/126.2.319"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198811173192004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","first-page":"520","article-title":"A prospective study of exogenous hormones and the risk of endometrial cancer (abstract).","volume":"124","author":"Stampfer MJ","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(78)90001-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114458"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03009748409100377"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(87)90082-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","first-page":"93","article-title":"The pill and rheumatoid arthritis: further evidence for protection (abstract).","volume":"26","author":"Spector TD","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","first-page":"93","article-title":"Oral contraception and rheumatoid arthritis: a protective effect independent of duration of pill use (abstract).","volume":"26","author":"Hazes M","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"59","key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","article-title":"Th. incidence of classical and definite rheumatoid arthritis in Lillehammer, Norway (abstract).","volume":"7","author":"Gran JT","year":"1986","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03009748609102090"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(83)90011-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/27.1.77"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/25.4.328"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112878"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/XXVIII.suppl_1.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_2","first-page":"911","article-title":"Postmenopausal hormones and the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"16","author":"Carette S","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fart.1780330705","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/art.1780330705","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T20:30:53Z","timestamp":1736800253000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/art.1780330705"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,7]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/art.1780330705"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.1780330705","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-3591","1529-0131"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-3591","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-0131","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,7]]}}}