{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T22:46:37Z","timestamp":1781304397039,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,9]],"date-time":"2005-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1134086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5000,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Objective.<\/jats:italic> Since the level of interferon\u2010\u03b1 (IFN\u03b1) is increased in the sera of patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and is detectable in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of some SLE patients with neuropsychiatric manifestations, we investigated the contribution of IFN\u03b1 to the pathogenesis of the neuropsychiatric manifestations of SLE.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic> IFN\u03b1 levels were quantitated by radioimmunoassay in CSF and serum samples from 17 SLE patients with neuropsychiatric manifestations and 28 patients with SLE alone or SLE and other neurologic disorders.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Results.<\/jats:italic> Levels of IFN\u03b1 were increased in the CSF of 5 of 6 patients with lupus psychosis, and in 4 of these 5 patients, the levels in CSF were higher than those in serum. IFN\u03b1 levels decreased when the manifestation of lupus psychosis subsided. In contrast, IFN\u03b1 levels in CSF samples from patients with seizures alone were not increased. One patient with lupus psychosis died of complications of generalized seizures resulting from the SLE. At autopsy, we investigated whether IFN\u03b1 protein or messenger RNA was detectable in the subject's brain. IFN\u03b1 protein was immunohistochemically demonstrated in the neurons and in the microglia (focal accumulation), features not present in the brain tissues of subjects who died of other diseases.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Conclusion.<\/jats:italic> These findings support the hypothesis that IFN\u03b1, possibly synthesized in the brain, is the cause of the manifestation of psychosis in patients with SLE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780350410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,15]],"date-time":"2007-02-15T00:16:59Z","timestamp":1171498619000},"page":"417-422","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":167,"title":["Interferon\u2010alpha in lupus psychosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Shunichi","family":"Shiozawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuo","family":"Kuroki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsunori","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunsei","family":"Hirohata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Ogino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198707303170509"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197103000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197607000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.35.5.398"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-196807000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-0172(79)80009-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780250406"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6176024"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780250407"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(83)91075-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.287.6400.1165"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1985.tb03235.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"77","article-title":"A sensitive radioimmunoassay for alpha\u2010interferon: circulating \u03b1\u2010interferon\u2010like substance in the plasma of healthy individuals and rheumatoid arthritis patients","volume":"66","author":"Shiozawa S","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780251101"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","first-page":"1397","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: the results of a consensus meeting","volume":"17","author":"Singer J","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198707303170503"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00197299"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830171024"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00032718708064593"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(89)90005-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","first-page":"78","article-title":"Suppression of lipoprotein lipase in 3T3\u2010L1 cells by a mediator produced by SEKI melanoma, a cachexia\u2010inducing human melanoma cell line","volume":"109","author":"Kawakami M","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Biochem (Tokyo)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330506"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.48.10.820"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6158094"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890150106"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.102.6.2244"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)91319-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.252.7.938"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365517709091496"}],"container-title":["Arthritis &amp; 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