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Clinical disease activity in the RA group was assessed using the Lansbury index. Drug intake was recorded and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and levels of fibrinogen, creatinine, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and aminotransferase were measured.<\/jats:p>Results.<\/jats:italic> Serum levels of TNF\u03b1, IL\u20106, and HA were significantly higher in the RA population than in the control group. In patients with RA, serum levels of HA correlated positively with serum levels of TNF\u03b1 and with clinical joint scores, but only weakly with other laboratory parameters of inflammation. Serum levels of antigenic KS correlated negatively with levels of circulating TNF\u03b1, but much more weakly with other clinical and biochemical parameters of disease activity.<\/jats:p>Conclusion.<\/jats:italic> These in vivo data support in vitro studies which have shown that TNF\u03b1 is a potent stimulator of HA synthesis by synovial lining cells. The results strengthen the contention that serum HA may be a unique marker of synovial involvement and inflammation, rather than of only inflammation, in RA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780360409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,15]],"date-time":"2007-02-15T00:40:09Z","timestamp":1171500009000},"page":"490-499","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["Levels of circulating tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 and interleukin\u20106 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. relationship to serum levels of hyaluronan and antigenic keratan sulfate"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Daniel\u2010Henri","family":"Manicourt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafak","family":"Triki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanji","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Pierre","family":"Devogelaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles Nagant De","family":"Deuxchaisnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene J.\u2010M. 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