{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T03:47:03Z","timestamp":1770695223361,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,9]],"date-time":"2005-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1134086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4482,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Objective.<\/jats:italic> To investigate the occurrence of herpesviruses, including Epstein\u2010Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 (HSV\u20101; HSV\u20102), and human herpes virus 6 (HHV\u20106), in lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) of less than 1 year's duration.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic> The polymerase chain reaction was applied to cells isolated from synovial fluid and peripheral blood. Indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme immunoassay techniques were used to detect antibodies against EBV and HSV, respectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Results.<\/jats:italic> EBV DNA was present in synovial fluid lymphocytes from 19% (7 of 37) of the RA patients and 33% (5 of 15) of the patients with reactive arthritis (ReA). Peripheral blood lymphocytes harbored EBV DNA in 39% of the RA patients, 39% of the ReA patients, 27% of the patients with other arthropathies, and in 31% of the healthy control subjects. HSV\u20101, HSV\u20102, and HHV\u20106 viral DNA was not detected in cells from the synovial fluid or peripheral blood.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Conclusion.<\/jats:italic> Our findings do not support the participation of EBV, HSV\u20101, HSV\u20102, or HHV\u20106 in the pathogenesis of RA. A role for the highly prevalent EBV cannot be excluded, however, since potential contributions may become manifest only when other necessary factors are involved. RA pathogenesis caused by an overproduction of the EBV virus is nevertheless highly unlikely.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780360808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,15]],"date-time":"2007-02-15T01:08:49Z","timestamp":1171501729000},"page":"1080-1086","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Detection of herpesviruses by polymerase chain reaction in lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Lijuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simo","family":"Nikkari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikael","family":"Skurnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thedi","family":"Ziegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reijo","family":"Luukkainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"M\u00f6tt\u00f6nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paavo","family":"Toivanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"32","key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"18","article-title":"Potential role of Epstein\u2010Barr virus in Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"19","author":"Fox RI","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"1443","article-title":"Hit and run or permanent hit? Is there evidence for a microbiological cause of rheumatoid arthritis?","volume":"18","author":"Burmester GR","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"1441","article-title":"The microbiological causes of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"18","author":"Ford DK","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110127"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.47.4.265"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/267052a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.148.5.1429"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"302","article-title":"Disturbance of the Epstein\u2010Barr virus\u2010host balance in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a quantitative study","volume":"64","author":"Yao QY","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780240601"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1988.tb02359.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2876520"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.2.748"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-77247-4_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)92557-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0934(88)90058-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)92783-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)91893-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(80)90384-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1980.tb06594.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780310302"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2398","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.28.11.2398-2402.1990","article-title":"Detection of Epstein\u2010Barr virus DNA sequences in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by enzymatic DNA amplification","volume":"28","author":"Chang YS","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","volume-title":"Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual","author":"Maniatis T","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.11.1.42-51.1975","article-title":"Antibody response to Epstein\u2010Barr virus in infectious mononucleosis","volume":"11","author":"Nikoskelainen J","year":"1975","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0934(83)90017-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.64.1.287-299.1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0890-8508(90)90030-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.28.10.2187-2190.1990","article-title":"Detection of Epstein\u2010Barr virus by polymerase chain reaction","volume":"28","author":"Telenti A","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(87)90198-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/310207a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.52.3.833-838.1984","article-title":"Identification and characterization of a cellular protein that cross\u2010reacts with the Epstein\u2010Barr virus nuclear antigen","volume":"52","author":"Luka J","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780241202"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","volume-title":"Viral persistence, Fields Virology","author":"Ahmed R","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)92403-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0934(88)90005-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)91103-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1991.03460040048027"}],"container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fart.1780360808","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/art.1780360808","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T13:05:19Z","timestamp":1696165519000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/art.1780360808"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,9]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/art.1780360808"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.1780360808","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-3591","1529-0131"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-3591","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-0131","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,9]]}}}