{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T14:24:23Z","timestamp":1778768663725,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,9]],"date-time":"2005-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1134086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4026,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>. To determine the effect of low\u2010dose cyclosporin A (CSA) treatment on disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. All patients in the study had active disease as defined by at least the presence of a low CH50 level. Patients were initially given 3 mg\/kg\/day of CSA. Dosages were adjusted individually at every visit, according to both clinical and laboratory data.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Eleven women with SLE were enrolled in the study; 10 were evaluable. After 20 weeks of CSA treatment, the mean score for disease activity on the SLE Disease Activity Index decreased significantly, from 10.6 to 3.8 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02). The titer of antinuclear antibodies decreased in 8 patients and the level of anti\u2010DNA antibodies decreased in 5. Side effects included hypertension (40%), hypertrichosis (30%), gingival hypertrophy (10%), and a rise in the blood urea nitrogen level. Serum creatinine levels remained unchanged.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. The favorable responses observed in our patients strongly suggest that low\u2010dose CSA can reduce the disease activity of SLE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780370416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,15]],"date-time":"2007-02-15T01:15:38Z","timestamp":1171502138000},"page":"551-558","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Effect of low\u2010dose cyclosporin a on systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Michiaki","family":"Tokuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noriyuki","family":"Kurata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akihito","family":"Mizoguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Inoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kunio","family":"Seto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Kinashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiro","family":"Takahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198912213212507"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","volume-title":"Cyclosporin therapy of autoimmune disease, Therapy of Autoimmune Disease","author":"Cruse JM","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-7915(89)90194-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198806023182203"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780251101"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780350606"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(87)90004-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"1083","article-title":"Measurement of urinary \u03b22\u2010microglobulin in the detection of cisplatin nephrotoxicity","volume":"65","author":"Cohen AL","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.133.2.697","article-title":"Immune function in severe, active rheumatoid arthritis: a relationship between peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation to soluble antigens and mononuclear cell subset profiles","volume":"133","author":"Haraoui B","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","volume-title":"Combined ciclosporin\u2010steroid treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus, Ciclosporin in Autoimmune Disease","author":"Miescher PA","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(87)80057-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(88)90032-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.18.7020"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-8749(85)90096-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","first-page":"359","article-title":"Marked reduction of DNA antibody production and glomerulonephritis in thymulin (FTS\u2010Zn) or cyclosporin A treated (NZB x NZW) F1 mice","volume":"54","author":"Israel\u2010Biet D","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prolongation of life in female (NZB x NZW) hybrid F1 mice by cyclosporin A","volume":"59","author":"Jones MG","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","first-page":"225","article-title":"Successful treatment of autoimmunity in (NZB x NZW) F1 mice with cyclosporin and (Nva2)\u2010cyclosporin. 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