{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:20:33Z","timestamp":1760188833914},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,9]],"date-time":"2005-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1134086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4179,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>. It has been reported that outcomes are improved in patients with severe lupus nephritis treated with combined prednisone and intravenous cyclophosphamide, compared with those treated with prednisone alone. These findings motivated this analysis of the economic impact of the combined therapy.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. The annual expected incidence of severe lupus nephritis in the year 1988 in the US was estimated to be 1, 130. A hypothetical patient cohort of this size was used as the model for the present analysis; the costs of treatment with prednisone alone and with combined prednisone and intravenous cyclophosphamide were calculated and compared. The analysis took into account the expected rate of renal failure with each therapeutic approach, as well as age, sex, and the economic value of working years gained.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Although the treatment costs are higher for the combination therapy, the analysis revealed overall savings due to a reduced need for kidney dialysis or transplantation, and the economic value of working capacity gained. Savings attributable to patient care costs were $50.8 million; those attributable to working capacity gained were $42.3 million.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. This analysis indicates that over a 10\u2010year period, as much as $93.1 million per annual cohort is saved by the use of combination therapy for the treatment of severe lupus nephritis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780370704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,15]],"date-time":"2007-02-15T01:12:02Z","timestamp":1171501922000},"page":"1000-1006","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The economic impact of treatment of severe lupus nephritis with prednisone and intravenous cyclophosphamide"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Pamela M.","family":"Mcinnes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Schuttinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William R.","family":"Sanslone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan P.","family":"Stark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John H.","family":"Klippel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"427","article-title":"Estimates of the prevalence of selected arthritic and musculoskeletal diseases in the United States","volume":"16","author":"Lawrence RC","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1974.00320240061006","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus in the community: incidence, prevalence, outcome and first symptoms: the high incidence in black women","volume":"134","author":"Fessel WJ","year":"1974","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.46.9.664"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"649","article-title":"Epidemiology features of diffuse connective tissue disorders in Rochester, Minnesota, 1951 \u2013 1967, with special reference to systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"44","author":"Kurland LT","year":"1969","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)60294-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(73)90034-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198408233110802"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)92292-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198603063141004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"National health expenditures, 1991","volume":"14","author":"Letsch SW","year":"1992","journal-title":"Health Care Financ Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","first-page":"129","article-title":"The state of the art of cost\u2010of illness estimates","volume":"4","author":"Hodgson TA","year":"1983","journal-title":"Adv Health Econ Health Serv Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780280113"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780250601"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(21)00950-9","article-title":"Renal disease in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"14","author":"Balow JE","year":"1988","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780250109"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(21)00947-9","article-title":"Outcome and prognosis in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"14","author":"Ginzler EM","year":"1988","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.48.6.447"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","unstructured":"US Renal Data System: USRDS 1989 Annual Data Report. Bethesda MD National Institutes of Health National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases 1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","unstructured":"US Dept. of Commerce Bureau of the Census:Money Income of Families and Persons in the United States 1986: Current Population Reports Consumer Income Series P\u201060 no. 159. Washington DC US Dept. of Commerce 1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","volume-title":"Survey of Current Business","author":"US Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","volume-title":"Drug Topics: Redbook 1989","author":"Cardinale VA","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","volume-title":"ASHP Hospital Pharmacy Management Information System (HPMIS) Manual","author":"Stolar MH","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","volume-title":"CPS Microdata File","author":"US Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Office of Employment and Unemployment Statistics","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03440130100033","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus: treatment\u2010related complications superimposed on chronic disease","volume":"263","author":"Klippel JH","year":"1990","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fart.1780370704","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/art.1780370704","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T19:24:38Z","timestamp":1700767478000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/art.1780370704"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,7]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/art.1780370704"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.1780370704","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-3591","1529-0131"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-3591","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-0131","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,7]]}}}