{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T09:06:47Z","timestamp":1791104807016,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,9]],"date-time":"2005-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1134086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4179,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis & Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,7]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Objective<\/jats:italic>. To investigate the incidence and clinical and histopathologic features of giant cell (temporal) arteritis (GCA) in the Caucasian population of Iceland.<\/jats:p>Methods<\/jats:italic>. AH patients diagnosed between 1984 and 1990 were included. Case ascertainment for the study was done in 2 ways: 1) a computerized search from all hospitals and primary care clinics for the diagnosis of GCA, and 2) a review of all temporal artery biopsies performed during the 7\u2010year period.<\/jats:p>Results<\/jats:italic>. One hundred thirty\u2010three patients with GCA were identified. All fulfilled the 1990 American College of Rheumatology criteria for the classification of GCA. The incidence rate for the population 50 years and older was 27\/100,000 (36\/100,000 and 18\/100,000 for women and men, respectively). Clinical findings included the following: mean age at diagnosis 72.5 years for women and 70.3 years for men, new headache 63.2%, abnormal temporal artery on palpation 43.6%, mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate 88 mm\/hour, symptoms of polymyalgia rheumatica 48.1%, and visual disturbances 14.3%. A total of 744 patients underwent temporal artery biopsy during the 7\u2010year period; 16.8% had a positive biopsy result. All 133 patients with the diagnosis of GCA underwent a temporal artery biopsy; 94% had a positive result. Histopathologic findings from the positive biopsies included a fragmented internal elastic lamina in 99.2%, giant cells in 65.6%, and fibrinoid necrosis in 12%.<\/jats:p>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. Compared with previous epidemiologic surveys, this study shows a high incidence of biopsy\u2010proven GCA in Iceland.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780370705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,15]],"date-time":"2007-02-15T01:12:02Z","timestamp":1171501922000},"page":"1007-1012","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":149,"title":["Giant cell arteritis in Iceland."],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"\u00d3lafur","family":"Baldursson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristj\u00e1n","family":"Steinsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f3hannes","family":"Bj\u00f6rnsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. T.","family":"Lie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780300308"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780240706"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"273","article-title":"Giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica in a region of Finland: an epidemiologic, clinical and pathologic study, 1984 \u2013 1988","volume":"19","author":"Franzen P","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780310607"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780340313"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"277","article-title":"Temporal arteritis in a northwestern area of Spain: study of 57 biopsy proven patients","volume":"19","author":"Gonzalez Gay MA","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"241","article-title":"Epidemiology of temporal arteritis in Israel","volume":"18","author":"Friedman G","year":"1982","journal-title":"Isr J Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(21)01065-6","article-title":"Giant cell (temporal) arteritis","volume":"16","author":"Hunder GG","year":"1990","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780360604"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","first-page":"993","article-title":"HLA\u2010DR locus antigens in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis","volume":"8","author":"Calamia KT","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780301113"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330802"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330803"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330810"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","unstructured":"SegiM:Cancer mortality for selected sites in 24 countries (1950\u20131957) (thesis). 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