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Twenty\u2010one muscle and 10 sural nerve biopsy samples from 24 patients with systemic PAN were studied using avidin\u2014biotin\u2014peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase\u2014anti\u2014alkaline phosphatase immunohistochemical techniques.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. The inflammatory infiltrates consisted mainly of macrophages (41%) and T lymphocytes (41%), particularly of the CD4+ subset. Granulocytes were present in varying quantities (0\u201345%) and were more abundant in heavily infiltrated vessels and in those with fibrinoid necrosis. Dendritic cells could be identified in 4 samples. Proliferating and interleukin\u20102 receptor\u2014expressing cells, present in 71% and 79% of the patients, respectively, were more frequent in untreated patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. T cell\u2014mediated immune mechanisms may play a role in the development and perpetuation of PAN lesions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780370711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,15]],"date-time":"2007-02-15T01:12:02Z","timestamp":1171501922000},"page":"1055-1061","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Immunohistochemical characterization of inflammatory cells and immunologic activation markers in muscle and nerve biopsy specimens from patients with systemic polyarteritis nodosa"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Maria\u2010Cinta","family":"Cid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josep 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