{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T12:35:08Z","timestamp":1792586108155,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,9]],"date-time":"2005-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1134086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3875,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>. To estimate the incidence of and examine risk factors for the development of gout in black and white male physicians.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. Data from 2 cohorts of former medical students, 352 black men in the Meharry Cohort Study and 571 white men in the Johns Hopkins Precursors Study, were analyzed. Cases of gout were identified by self\u2010report. Baseline variables and incident hypertension were examined as risk factors for the development of gout in both cohorts.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. The incidence of gout was 3.11 and 1.82 per 1,000 person\u2010years in the black men and the white men, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.05); the cumulative incidence was 10.9% and 5.8%, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.04). The relative risk (RR) for gout among the black men was 1.69 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.02\u20132.80). This excess risk persisted after adjustment for baseline systolic blood pressure (adjusted RR = 1.96 [95% CI 1.14\u20133.38]). Incident hypertension was independently associated with the development of gout in univariate analysis (RR = 3.78 [95% CI 2.18\u20136.58]); when this variable was included as a time\u2010dependent covariate in a Cox model, the excess risk for gout in black men was reduced and no longer significant (adjusted RR = 1.30 [95% CI 0.77\u20132.19]).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. The approximately 2\u2010fold excess risk for gout among black men is explained, in part, by a greater risk of incident hypertension.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780380508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,15]],"date-time":"2007-02-15T01:39:56Z","timestamp":1171503596000},"page":"628-632","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["Racial differences in the incidence of gout"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Marc C.","family":"Hochberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Johniene Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Mead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Klag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780192623560.001.0001","volume-title":"Epidemiology of the Rheumatic Diseases","author":"Silman AJ","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"427","article-title":"Estimates of the prevalence of selected arthritic and musculoskeletal diseases in the United States","volume":"16","author":"Lawrence RC","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(67)90004-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.31.3.166"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.38.2.101"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"664","article-title":"Goutte et uricemie dans une population de 4663 hommes jeunes actifs","volume":"57","author":"Zalokar J","year":"1981","journal-title":"Semin Hop Paris"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(87)90441-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(88)90127-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/29.6.485"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1991.03470210072035"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","first-page":"S22","article-title":"Lead exposure and other risk factors for gout: a case\u2010control study (abstract)","volume":"31","author":"Richter BS","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780200320"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","volume-title":"Anthropometric Reference Data and Prevalence of Overweight, United States, 1976\u20131980. 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