{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T11:05:36Z","timestamp":1770721536735,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,12]],"date-time":"2005-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1134345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3481,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>. To investigate patterns of synovial and systemic cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in mice with superantigen\u2010mediated <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> arthritis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. Mice were inoculated intravenously with 1 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup> colony\u2010forming units of toxic shock syndrome toxin\u20131\u2013producing <jats:italic>S aureus<\/jats:italic> LS\u20101. Synovial tissues and spleens were obtained at varying time intervals after bacterial inoculation, and examined for mRNA expression of interleukin\u20101\u03b2 (IL\u20101\u03b2), IL\u20104, IL\u201010, IL\u201012, tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF\u03b1), TNF\u03b2, interferon\u2010\u03b3 (IFN\u03b3), transforming growth factor \u03b2, and perforin, by an in situ hybridization technique.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. In situ hybridization revealed early synovial up\u2010regulation of TNF\u03b1 and IL\u20101\u03b2 mRNA expression. Peak frequencies of these proinflammatory cytokines were observed at the second and third week of the infection. Expression of T cell\u2010derived cytokine mRNAs was detected later, and in a relatively low frequency. Notably, induction and peak numbers of Th2 cytokine (IL\u20104 and IL\u201010) mRNA expression preceded Th1 cytokine (IFN\u03b3 and TNF\u03b2) mRNAs. In comparison with synovial tissues, peak spleen cytokine mRNA expression of IL\u20101\u03b2, TNF\u03b1, TNF\u03b2, IL\u201012, and IFN\u03b3 occurred earlier, but displayed a clearly lower magnitude of expression.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. These findings demonstrate synovial and systemic up\u2010regulation of cytokine mRNA expression during <jats:italic>S aureus<\/jats:italic> arthritis, indicating that both monocyte\/macrophage and T cell\u2013derived products are involved in the pathogenesis of this disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780390613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,14]],"date-time":"2007-02-14T11:40:11Z","timestamp":1171453211000},"page":"959-967","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["In situ hybridization analysis of synovial and systemic cytokine messenger RNA expression in superantigen\u2010mediated <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> 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