{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T21:16:22Z","timestamp":1788383782227,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,12]],"date-time":"2005-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1134345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3267,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>. To investigate whether type 1 helper (Th1) or Th2 cytokines are found in the joints of patients with Lyme arthritis, and whether the cytokine pattern can be modulated by cytokines or anticytokines.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. The cytokine pattern in the joints of 10 patients with Lyme arthritis was investigated. Expression of interferon\u2010\u03b3 (IFN\u03b3), tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF\u03b1), interleukin\u20104 (IL\u20104), and IL\u201010 was measured by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), after stimulation of synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMC) with <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> (Bb) in the supernatant. Expression of cytokine messenger RNA and protein in synovial membrane (SM) and nonstimulated SFMC was studied using semiquantitative reverse transcriptase\u2010polymerase chain reaction and immunohistologic techniques. The effects of recombinant cytokines or neutralizing anticytokine antibodies on cytokine production in Bb\u2010stimulated SFMC were investigated by ELISA.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. SFMC produced high amounts of IFN\u03b3 and TNF\u03b1, but little or no IL\u20104, upon stimulation with Bb antigen, indicating a Th1\u2010type cytokine pattern. In SM, IFN\u03b3 was detectable in all patients, while the other cytokines were less frequently found. Serial sections of SM revealed that all cytokines were located in the same area. The Th1 response, especially the production of TNF\u03b1, could be down\u2010regulated in vitro by both endogenous and exogenous IL\u201010, but not by IL\u20104 or anti\u2010IL\u201012.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. A Th1\u2010type cytokine pattern was found in the joints of patients with Lyme arthritis. This Th1 response could be down\u2010regulated by IL\u201010, suggesting insufficient IL\u201010 production in vivo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,14]],"date-time":"2007-02-14T12:15:56Z","timestamp":1171455356000},"page":"69-79","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["T cell cytokine pattern in the joints of patients with lyme arthritis and its regulation by cytokines and 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