{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T15:26:34Z","timestamp":1770477994989,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,12]],"date-time":"2005-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1134345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3236,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>. To analyze factors related to apoptosis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and to compare the findings in SLE PBMC with those in normal donor PBMC or PBMC from patients with other autoimmune diseases.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. PBMC from normal healthy donors or patients with SLE, mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), or various vasculitides were isolated. The percentage of apoptosis after activation through different signaling pathways was quantified using propidium iodide staining. Protein expression of Fas\/APO\u20101 or <jats:italic>bcl<\/jats:italic>\u20102, and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of <jats:italic>bcl<\/jats:italic>\u20102, <jats:italic>bcl<\/jats:italic>\u2010x<jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>bax, bak<\/jats:italic>, Fas\/APO\u20101, Fas ligand (Fas\u2010L), c\u2010<jats:italic>myc, mad<\/jats:italic>, or <jats:italic>max<\/jats:italic> were determined.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. We confirmed previous findings of increased numbers of apoptotic cells in SLE PBMC compared with normal donor cells after in vitro incubation. After activation of PBMC with CD28 monoclonal antibody plus phorbol myristate acetate (CD28 MAb\/PMA), staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), or phytohemagglutinin (PHA), the percentage of apoptotic cells was unchanged (SEB) or diminished (CD28 MAb\/PMA, PHA) in SLE cells, and the difference between normal donor and SLE cells was less pronounced. On the mRNA level, expression of apoptosis\u2010related gene products did not differ between SLE cells and normal donor cells. Expression of Fas\/APO\u20101 protein was increased in freshly isolated SLE T lymphocytes compared with normal donor T lymphocytes, whereas <jats:italic>bcl<\/jats:italic>\u20102 protein was up\u2010regulated after a 3\u2010day culture period. Cellular activation further increased <jats:italic>bcl<\/jats:italic>\u20102 protein levels, eliminating differences between normal donors and SLE patients. In RA cells, the percentage of apoptosis was similar to that in normal donor PBMC, whereas results using cells from patients with other autoimmune diseases (MCTD, Wegener's granulomatosis, Takayasu arteritis, polyarteritis nodosa) were comparable with those found using SLE PBMC. Addition of growth factors such as interleukin\u20102 (IL\u20102), IL\u20104, or IL\u201015 to culture medium decreased the percentage of in vitro apoptosis in both normal donor and SLE cells.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. Based on these data, we conclude that accelerated in vitro apoptosis and increased Fas\/APO\u20101 and <jats:italic>bcl<\/jats:italic>\u20102 protein expression in SLE are nonspecific for the disease, and might be explained at least in part by the increased in vivo activation levels of PBMC from patients with SLE, MCTD, or autoimmune vasculitides combined with in vitro incubation under \u201cnoninflammatory\u201d conditions and growth factor withdrawal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,14]],"date-time":"2007-02-14T12:24:20Z","timestamp":1171455860000},"page":"306-317","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":134,"title":["In vitro apoptosis and expression of apoptosis\u2010related molecules in lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune 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