{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T13:56:17Z","timestamp":1791122177224,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,12]],"date-time":"2005-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1134345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3208,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Objective.<\/jats:italic> To investigate synovial fluid (SF) for the presence of CR1 and to study its relationship to SF leukocytes and to serum levels of soluble CR1 (sCR1) in patients with rheumatic diseases.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic> Synovial fluids were collected from 35 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 26 patients with other inflammatory joint diseases. Total CR1 in the SF and serum were measured with a sandwich enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that recognized both soluble and transmembrane forms of CR1. The characteristics of CR1 in SF were analyzed by ultracen\u2010trifugation and by a second ELISA specific for trans\u2010membrane CR1.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Results.<\/jats:italic> CR1 was found in all SF samples tested (range 5\u2010281 ng\/ml). SF CR1 was higher in patients with RA (mean \u00b1 SD 81 \u00b1 66 ng\/ml) than in those with other inflammatory joint diseases (31.8 \u00b1 23.8 ng\/ml) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Serum sCR1 was not significantly increased in the patients compared with the normal subjects. There was no correlation between serum sCR1 and SF CR1. In 44% of the patients, the SF CR1 level was higher than the serum sCR1 level. A fraction (30\u201380%) of SF CR1 was pelleted by ultracentrifugation and, unlike serum sCR1, it reacted in an ELISA specific for transmembrane CR1. Thus, SF contained 2 forms of CR1: a membrane\u2010associated and a soluble form, which was confirmed by sucrose density\u2010gradient ultracentrifugation. SF CR1 levels correlated directly with the number of SF total leukocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). These 2 forms of CR1 were also found in the supernatant of in vitro\u2014activated PMN from normal subjects. SF CR1 exhibited the capacity to act as a cofactor for the factor I degradation of C3b.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Conclusion.<\/jats:italic> CR1 is found in the SF of patients with joint inflammation. The data suggest that SF CR1 originates from the infiltrating leukocytes, which shed both a soluble and a membrane\u2010associated form. Whether SF CR1 participates in the local regulation of complement activation remains to be examined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,14]],"date-time":"2007-02-14T12:49:52Z","timestamp":1171457392000},"page":"520-526","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Cr1, CD35 IN synovial fluid from patients with inflammatory joint diseases"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Salima","family":"Sadallah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estelle","family":"Lach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans U.","family":"Lutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibylle","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre\u2010Andr\u00e9","family":"Guerne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrg A.","family":"Schifferli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.152.1.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","volume-title":"Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology","author":"Fearon 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