{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T22:28:28Z","timestamp":1790029708073,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,12]],"date-time":"2005-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1134345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3177,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Objective.<\/jats:italic> Congenital heart block (CHB), associated with antibodies to SS\u2010A\/Ro and SS\u2010B\/La, is most often detected between 18 and 24 weeks of gestation, yet the maternal heart is unaffected. We recently described an alternatively spliced 52\u2010kd SS\u2010A\/Ro messenger RNA (mRNA) derived from the skipping of exon 4 which encodes a smaller protein, 52\u03b2 (MW 45 kd), recognized by CHB maternal antisera. This study was designed to identify whether cardiac expression of 52\u03b2 and fulllength 52\u03b1 relates to the development of CHB.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic> Reverse transcriptase\u2010polymerase chain reaction was performed using primers flanking exon 4 and mRNA from 22 human fetal hearts (age 11\u201325 weeks) and 3 adult hearts. The brain, kidney, liver, lung, and spleen were similarly evaluated in a 15\u2010week, an 18\u2010week, and a 24\u2010week fetus.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Results.<\/jats:italic> Expression of 52\u03b2 was greatest and 52\u03b1 lowest between 14 and 16 weeks of gestation. In fetal hearts ages 22\u201325 weeks and adult heart, the 52\u03b2 transcript was markedly diminished and 52\u03b1 clearly dominated. The 52\u03b2 mRNA was observed in a 15\u2010week brain, kidney, lung, and spleen; however, its expression relative to 52\u03b1 was greatest in the heart.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Conclusion.<\/jats:italic> Since expression of the alternative product 52\u03b2 is maximal at the time of cardiac ontogeny when maternal antibodies gain access to the fetal circulation, just prior to the clinical detection of bradyarrhythmia, a role for 52\u03b2 in the development of CHB is implicated. Although other fetal tissues express 52\u03b2, there may be differences in accessibility of antigen or regenerative capacities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,14]],"date-time":"2007-02-14T12:46:42Z","timestamp":1171457202000},"page":"655-660","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Cardiac expression of 52\u03b2, an alternative transcript of the congenital heart block\u2010associated 52\u2010kd SS\u2010A\/Ro autoantigen, is maximal during fetal development"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Jill P.","family":"Buyon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chung\u2010E","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis Di","family":"Donato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Rashbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward K. 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