{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:19:06Z","timestamp":1790741946663,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,12]],"date-time":"2005-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1134345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3147,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Objective.<\/jats:italic> To study cytokine expression in muscle tissues of patients with inflammatory myopathies and to compare the profiles of patients with polymyositis (PM), inclusion body myositis (IBM), and dermatomyositis (DM).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic> We performed indirect immunohistochemistry studies of muscle tissue sections with a panel of 16 different cytokine\u2010specific monoclonal antibodies, directed against interleukin\u20101\u03b1, (IL\u20101\u03b1), IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20101 receptor antagonist (IL\u20101ra), IL\u20102, IL\u20103, IL\u20104, IL\u20106, IL\u20108, IL\u201010, IL\u201013, interferon\u2010\u03b3 (IFN\u03b3), tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF\u03b1), granulocyte\u2010macrophage colonystimulating factor (GM\u2010CSF), transforming growth factor \u03b21 (TGF\u00df1), TGF\u00df2, and TGF\u00df3 in 5 untreated patients each with PM, DM, and IBM and in 4 normal controls. Fresh frozen muscle tissue sections were fixed in formaldehyde before the procedure. The use of saponin as a detergent to permeabilize the cell membranes enabled identification of intracellular cytokine production.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Results.<\/jats:italic> The most prominent finding was the expression of IL\u20101\u03b1 observed in all patients but in none of the normal controls. In all patients with PM, DM, and IBM, IL\u20101\u03b1 was expressed in endothelial cells of capillaries, arterioles, and venules in areas surrounded by inflammatory cells, and also in areas with no or scarce inflammatory cells in both endomysium and perimysium. Furthermore, IL\u20101\u03b1 was also expressed in mononuclear inflammatory cells in all 15 cases. IL\u20101\u03b2 was observed in inflammatory cells in 10 of the 15 patients but, in contrast to IL\u20101\u03b1, it was not expressed in blood vessel walls. TGF\u00df1, TGF\u00df2, and TGF\u00df3 were strongly positive in all 15 patients, but only scattered cells were positive in the normal controls. The remaining cytokines were observed only in relatively few cells and only in occasional patients (although the patients were selected for the presence of large infiltrates), and in none of the controls. The patterns were similar in PM, DM, and IBM.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Conclusion.<\/jats:italic> Cytokine expression in muscle tissue of patients with inflammatory myopathy is dominated by IL\u20101\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b2, and TGF\u00df1\u20133. The predominant IL\u20101\u03b1 expression in the blood vessels indicates an importance of the endothelial cells in the inflammatory process in PM, IBM, and DM. A sustained, local release of T cell\u2010derived cytokines may not be a requirement for tissue injury in the inflammatory myopathies. There does not appear to be a qualitative difference in cytokine expression patterns in PM, IBM, and DM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,14]],"date-time":"2007-02-14T12:45:20Z","timestamp":1171457120000},"page":"865-874","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":218,"title":["Cytokine production in muscle tissue of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Lundberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann\u2010Kristin","family":"Ulfgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pernilla","family":"Nyberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulf","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Klareskog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410160206"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410160207"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(86)80180-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199111213252107"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","volume-title":"Immunologic Mechanisms in Neurologic and Psychiatric Disease","author":"Engel AG","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(94)90006-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"327","article-title":"Monoclonal antibodies to human leukocyte antigens in polymyositis and muscular dystrophy","volume":"54","author":"Rowe D","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","volume-title":"Fundamental Immunology","author":"Howard MC","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330713"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780371206"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","first-page":"450","article-title":"Localization of interferons and interleukin\u20102 in polymyositis and muscular dystrophy","volume":"63","author":"Isenberg DA","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(89)90128-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199603000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880110814"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(95)00122-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","first-page":"16","article-title":"Concomitant in vivo production of 19 different cytokines in human tonsils","volume":"83","author":"Andersson J","year":"1994","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.54.8.654"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(94)90363-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(95)80023-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1991.tb00578.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","volume-title":"Cytokine Producing Cells","author":"Andersson U","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.63.1.289-296.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.54.6.545"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4494","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.150.10.4494","article-title":"Transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b2 inhibits E\u2010selectin expression on human endothelial cells","volume":"150","author":"Gamble JR","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.180.5.1587"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","volume-title":"Myology","author":"Engel AG","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","volume-title":"Fundamental Immunology","author":"Gallin JI","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","first-page":"1911","article-title":"Interleukin\u20101 induces interleukin 1","volume":"139","author":"Warner SJC","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-0172(96)80034-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199407000-00008"}],"container-title":["Arthritis &amp; 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