{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:04:10Z","timestamp":1761609850533},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,5]],"date-time":"2004-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1078444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title><jats:p>In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF\u03b1)\u2013 blocking therapy, there is heterogeneity of response. This raises the possibility that in certain circumstances, cytokines such as interleukin\u20101 (IL\u20101) may dominate the drive toward joint inflammation. This study was undertaken to investigate whether blocking the action of IL\u20101 with an IL\u20101 receptor antagonist (IL\u20101Ra) is efficacious in patients with disease that did not respond to TNF\u03b1 blockade.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 26 RA patients whose disease had failed to respond to TNF\u03b1\u2010blocking therapy, defined as failure to achieve or sustain a 20% improvement in disease activity according to the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR20 response). These patients were then treated with anakinra (100 mg\/day subcutaneously) for 12 weeks, and their levels of response were assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>After 3 months of anakinra therapy, only 2 of 26 patients (8%) achieved an ACR20 response; none achieved an ACR50 or ACR70 response. A rise in the mean C\u2010reactive protein level and an increase in the mean swollen joint count were noted during the study period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrates that patients with disease that fails to respond to TNF\u03b1 blockade also do not respond to IL\u20101Ra. These data do not provide evidence of a dominant role for IL\u20101 in patients who do not respond to TNF\u03b1 blockade, but they do not exclude a role for other proinflammatory mediators.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,10]],"date-time":"2004-03-10T08:00:43Z","timestamp":1078905643000},"page":"725-728","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Lack of response to anakinra in rheumatoid arthritis following failure of tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 blockade"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Maya H.","family":"Buch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah J.","family":"Bingham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yohei","family":"Seto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"McGonagle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Bejarano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Emery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200106)44:6<1234::AID-ART213>3.0.CO;2-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.14.1.397"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330302"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.191.2.313"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780310302"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780380602"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780360601"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780390105"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)90430-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5049","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.9.5049","article-title":"IL\u20101 alpha beta blockade prevents cartilage and bone destruction in murine type II collagen\u2010induced arthritis, whereas TNF\u2010alpha blockade only ameliorates joint inflammation","volume":"163","author":"Joosten LA","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.59.suppl_1.i81"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200010)43:10<2143::AID-ANR1>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1988.tb16561.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0297-189"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10623"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(91)90142-G"}],"container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fart.20115","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/art.20115","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T21:15:59Z","timestamp":1700774159000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/art.20115"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/art.20115"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.20115","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-3591","1529-0131"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-3591","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-0131","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]}}}