{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T05:36:36Z","timestamp":1792301796584,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,5]],"date-time":"2004-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1081123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>It has been suggested that subchondral bone remodeling plays a role in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). To test this hypothesis, we characterized the changes in the rat anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) model of OA and evaluated the effects of alendronate (ALN), a potent inhibitor of bone resorption, on cartilage degradation and on osteophyte formation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Male Sprague\u2010Dawley rats underwent ACLT or sham operation of the right knee. Animals were then treated with ALN (0.03 and 0.24 \u03bcg\/kg\/week subcutaneously) and necropsied at 2 or 10 weeks postsurgery. OA changes were evaluated. Subchondral bone volume and osteophyte area were measured by histomorphometric analysis. Coimmunostaining for transforming growth factor \u03b2 (TGF\u03b2), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP\u20109), and MMP\u201013 was performed to investigate the effect of ALN on local activation of TGF\u03b2.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>ALN was chondroprotective at both dosages, as determined by histologic criteria and collagen degradation markers. ALN suppressed subchondral bone resorption, which was markedly increased 2 weeks postsurgery, and prevented the subsequent increase in bone formation 10 weeks postsurgery, in the untreated tibial plateau of ACLT joints. Furthermore, ALN reduced the incidence and area of osteophytes in a dose\u2010dependent manner. ALN also inhibited vascular invasion into the calcified cartilage in rats with OA and blocked osteoclast recruitment to subchondral bone and osteophytes. ALN treatment reduced the local release of active TGF\u03b2, possibly via inhibition of MMP\u201013 expression in articular cartilage and MMP\u20109 expression in subchondral bone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subchondral bone remodeling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of OA. ALN or other inhibitors of bone resorption could potentially be used as disease\u2010modifying agents in the treatment of OA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,5]],"date-time":"2004-04-05T16:02:32Z","timestamp":1081180952000},"page":"1193-1206","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":490,"title":["The role of subchondral bone remodeling in osteoarthritis: Reduction of cartilage degeneration and prevention of osteophyte formation by alendronate in the rat anterior cruciate ligament transection model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Tadashi","family":"Hayami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Pickarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregg A.","family":"Wesolowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Mclane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashleigh","family":"Bone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Destefano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gideon A.","family":"Rodan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le T.","family":"Duong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00360962"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198612000-00005","article-title":"Role of subchondral bone in the initiation and progression of cartilage damage","volume":"213","author":"Radin EL","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0029(19970515)37:4<343::AID-JEMT9>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-199805000-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"735","article-title":"Bone mineral density varies as a function of the rate of joint space narrowing in the hip","volume":"27","author":"Goker B","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200201)46:1<1::AID-ART10068>3.0.CO;2-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(98)80075-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199807303390502"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(05)70009-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(00)00541-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.11.6953"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(99)00063-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119668"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","first-page":"2207","article-title":"Expression of the cartilage\u2010derived anti\u2010angiogenic factor chondromodulin\u2010I decreases in the early stage of experimental osteoarthritis","volume":"30","author":"Hayami T","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. 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