{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T15:17:31Z","timestamp":1781795851700,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,8]],"date-time":"2004-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the effects of combination treatment with an anticoagulant (warfarin) plus a lipid\u2010lowering agent (probucol) on the prevention of steroid\u2010induced osteonecrosis (ON) in rabbits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adult male Japanese white rabbits were injected once intramuscularly with 20 mg\/kg of methylprednisolone acetate into the right gluteus medius muscle. The rabbits were then divided into 4 groups and treated as follows: one group received warfarin plus probucol (WP; n = 25), one received probucol alone (PA; n = 30), one received warfarin alone (WA; n = 26), and one received no treatment (nonprophylactic [NP]; n = 20). Two weeks after the steroid injection, the femora and humeri were examined histopathologically for the presence of ON. The sizes of the bone marrow fat cells were examined morphologically. Hematologic examinations were performed before and after the steroid injection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence of ON in the WP group (5%) was significantly lower than that observed in the NP group (70%). While the incidence rates of ON in the PA (38%) and WA (33%) groups were also significantly lower than that in the NP group, they were significantly higher than that observed in the WP group. The sizes of the bone marrow fat cells in both the WP (53.5 \u00b1 4.1 \u03bcm) and the PA (52.0 \u00b1 5.0 \u03bcm) groups were significantly smaller than those in the NP group (60.0 \u00b1 4.0 \u03bcm). We also observed a prolongation of the prothrombin time and a reduction in the plasma lipid levels in the WP group during the study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study experimentally confirmed that the combined use of an anticoagulant and a lipid\u2010lowering agent helps prevent steroid\u2010induced ON in rabbits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,8]],"date-time":"2004-10-08T21:03:30Z","timestamp":1097269410000},"page":"3387-3391","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Combined effects of an anticoagulant and a lipid\u2010lowering agent on the prevention of steroid\u2010induced osteonecrosis in rabbits"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Goro","family":"Motomura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuaki","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keita","family":"Miyanishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seiya","family":"Jingushi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukihide","family":"Iwamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199503000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0883-5403(94)90091-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0883-5403(97)90142-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","first-page":"68","article-title":"The role of fat embolism in the etiology of corticosteroid\u2010induced avascular necrosis: clinical and experimental results","volume":"130","author":"Fisher DE","year":"1978","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199204000-00006","article-title":"Intravascular coagulation and osteonecrosis","volume":"277","author":"Jones JP","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780401119"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(01)00460-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(01)00663-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200105000-00022"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12754","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)42959-6","article-title":"Effects of warfarin on bone: studies on the vitamin K\u2010dependent protein of rat bone","volume":"256","author":"Price PA","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1996.tb02661.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/40.2.196"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","first-page":"284","article-title":"Avascular necrosis of bone and antiphospholipid antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"20","author":"Asherson RA","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200112)44:12<2870::AID-ART475>3.0.CO;2-Y"}],"container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fart.20517","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/art.20517","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T13:05:56Z","timestamp":1700744756000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/art.20517"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/art.20517"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.20517","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-3591","1529-0131"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-3591","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-0131","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]}}}