{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:40:36Z","timestamp":1769733636223,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,5]],"date-time":"2004-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1091664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the possibility that environmental agents contribute to the pathogenesis of Wegener's granulomatosis (WG).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We undertook an extensive search for possible environmental exposures by developing a comprehensive questionnaire that was administered by telephone interview to 53 patients with WG and 2 control groups: one with osteoarthritis and the other with gout. Questions focused on hobbies and vocations, work, home, and allergies. Exact logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals after adjusting for potential confounders. After adjusting for age and sex, data are reported for all exposures with odds ratios &gt;2.0 against either control group or for any allergic propensity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results suggest that mercury and perhaps lead exposure were positively associated with WG as compared with either control group, although the number of patients exposed was small. A prior history of allergy was also associated with WG as compared with either control group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conclude that heavy metal exposure and a prior history of allergy may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of Wegener's granulomatosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,9]],"date-time":"2004-08-09T18:58:11Z","timestamp":1092077891000},"page":"656-664","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Wegener's granulomatosis: Possible role of environmental agents in its pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Albert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheryl","family":"Clarkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jodi","family":"Komoroski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colleen M.","family":"Brensinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesse A.","family":"Berlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780390112"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200002)43:2<414::AID-ANR23>3.0.CO;2-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200011)43:11<2481::AID-ANR15>3.0.CO;2-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","first-page":"349","article-title":"Cadmium exposure and Wegener's granulomatosis: case report","volume":"83","author":"Gambini G","year":"1992","journal-title":"Med Lav"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/10.7.1162","article-title":"Wegener granulomatosis is associated to exposure to silicon compounds: a case\u2010control study","volume":"10","author":"Nuyts GD","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/9.5.559","article-title":"Wegener's granulomatosis associated with silicosis","volume":"9","author":"Neyer U","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-199801000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V121134"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/13.5.1321"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-000-0035-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","first-page":"669","article-title":"Wegener's granulomatosis: role of environmental exposures","volume":"16","author":"Duna GF","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10830"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330807"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780260901"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","unstructured":"Agency:USEP.U.S. Status Report on Mercury ActivityFeb2000."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","unstructured":"Systems RAI.Toxicology Profile \u2010 Summary for Methyl Mercury1992."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2002.01700.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02786508"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.99107s5807"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(05)70366-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/33.8.749"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-120-1-199401010-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-199901000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)92152-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(99)70371-9"}],"container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp; 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