{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T16:17:20Z","timestamp":1762100240158},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,11]],"date-time":"2004-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate autonomic abnormalities in male and female fibromyalgia (FM) and Gulf War illness (GWI) patients by comparing heart rate variability (HRV) with that of age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched healthy controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subjects included 26 (19 women, 7 men) with FM, 11 (6 men, 5 women) with GWI, and 36 (18 men,18 women) healthy controls. HRV was determined from Holter recordings obtained in the Clinical Research Center. Analysis of variance compared 24\u2010hour, daytime, and nighttime HRV by sex within groups and by group within sex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In women with FM or GWI, HRV was significantly lower than in men with FM or GWI. HRV was similar in male and female controls. When HRV was compared by group within sex, HRV was significantly decreased in women with FM or GWI and no significant differences were seen for men with these conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Decreased HRV in FM and GWI appears to be sex dependent. Results suggest that different mechanisms may be operative in symptom expression in men and women with this spectrum of illness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,11]],"date-time":"2004-10-11T19:28:15Z","timestamp":1097522895000},"page":"700-708","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Sex effects on heart rate variability in fibromyalgia and Gulf War illness"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Phyllis K.","family":"Stein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter P.","family":"Domitrovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kirsten","family":"Ambrose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Lyden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Fine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard H.","family":"Gracely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Clauw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780380104"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","first-page":"846","article-title":"Towards a model of pathophysiology of fibromyalgia: aberrant central pain mechanisms with peripheral modulation","volume":"19","author":"Yunus MB","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000097332"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-000-0051-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-125-5-199609010-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7333.321"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(00)00405-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.11.981"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009562"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-0172(00)80010-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","first-page":"2660","article-title":"Dysautonomia among patients with fibromyalgia: a non\u2010invasive assessment","volume":"27","author":"Raj SR","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199811)41:11<1966::AID-ART11>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330203"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.11.1396"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1985.249.4.H867"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H151","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1985.248.1.H151","article-title":"Assessment of autonomic function in humans by heart rate spectral analysis","volume":"17","author":"Pomeranz B","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Physiol (Heart Circ Physiol)"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","first-page":"478","article-title":"Time domain measurements of heart rate variability","volume":"10","author":"Kleiger RE","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cardiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(94)90617-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(90)90551-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199206000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.2.1.64"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_2","volume-title":"Manual for the State\u2010Trait Personality Inventory: (STPI)","author":"Spielberger CD","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.7.1936"}],"container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp; 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