{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T05:31:04Z","timestamp":1773293464794,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,7]],"date-time":"2005-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1105056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the ability of cartilage\u2010like tissue, generated ectopically in a diffusion chamber using recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rHuBMP\u20102), to repair cartilage defects in rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Muscle\u2010derived mesenchymal cells were prepared by dissecting thigh muscles of 19\u2010day postcoital rat embryos. Cells were propagated in vitro in monolayer culture for 10 days and packed within diffusion chambers (10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\/chamber) together with type I collagen (CI) and 0, 1, or 10 \u03bcg rHuBMP\u20102, and implanted into abdominal subfascial pockets of adult rats. Tissue pellets were harvested from the diffusion chambers at 2 days to 6 weeks after implantation, and examined by histology, by reverse transcription\u2013polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for aggrecan, CII, CIX, CX, and CXI, MyoD1, and core binding factor a1\/runt\u2010related gene 2, and by real\u2010time PCR for CII. Tissue pellets generated in the chamber 5 weeks after implantation were transplanted into a full\u2010thickness cartilage defect made in the patellar groove of the same strain of adult rat.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the presence of 10 \u03bcg rHuBMP\u20102, muscle\u2010derived mesenchymal cells expressed CII messenger RNA at 4 days after transplantation, and a mature cartilage mass was formed 5 weeks after transplantation in the diffusion chamber. Cartilage was not formed in the presence of 1 \u03bcg rHuBMP\u20102 or in the absence of rHuBMP\u20102. Defects receiving cartilage engineered with 10 \u03bcg rHuBMP\u20102 were repaired and restored to normal morphologic condition within 6 months after transplantation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This method of tissue engineering for repair of articular defects may preclude the need to harvest cartilage tissue prior to mosaic arthroplasty or autologous chondrocyte implantation. Further studies in large animals will be necessary to validate this technique for application in clinical practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,7]],"date-time":"2005-01-07T22:27:54Z","timestamp":1105136874000},"page":"155-163","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Use of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and diffusion chambers to engineer cartilage tissue for the repair of defects in articular 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