{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T15:03:57Z","timestamp":1790089437937,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,7]],"date-time":"2005-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1105056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["3233B0-103182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3233B0-103182"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["3200B0-103183"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3200B0-103183"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["3233-066377"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3233-066377"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["3200-066378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3200-066378"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the diagnostic value of sonography in patients with suspected carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a prospective study of 110 wrists in 74 consecutive patients with suspected CTS who had been referred to a tertiary care center. We determined the largest cross\u2010sectional area of the median nerve at the carpal tunnel. Because of the lack of a universally accepted reference standard, we first examined the association of sonography with nerve conduction. Then, we compared sonography with a reference standard based on the combination of nerve conduction studies and signs and symptoms. Sonography and reference standard tests were performed independently and interpreted under blinded conditions. Based on a fitted receiver operating characteristic curve, we estimated likelihood ratios (LRs) and posttest probabilities for different cutoffs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was a high concordance between sonography and nerve conduction. Based on the combined reference standard, a cutoff of 10 mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      resulted in approximately equal sensitivity and specificity, but only moderate LRs. A cutoff of &lt;8 mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      had satisfactory power to rule out CTS: the fitted\u2010negative LR was 0.13. Conversely, a cutoff of \u226512 mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      had excellent power to rule in CTS, with a fitted\u2010positive LR of 19.9. For nerves \u226512 mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      and a pretest probability of 70% expected in patients with suspected CTS in tertiary care, we found a posttest probability of CTS of 98%.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Depending on setting and purpose, different cutoff values for the largest cross\u2010sectional area may be used to accurately rule in or rule out CTS. Using sonography as a first\u2010line test may cost\u2010effectively reduce the number of nerve conduction studies in patients with suspected CTS. A large\u2010scale, randomized controlled trial is required to determine the effects of sonography on clinical outcomes, the number of nerve conduction studies performed, and the total cost.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,7]],"date-time":"2005-01-07T17:38:24Z","timestamp":1105119504000},"page":"304-311","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":196,"title":["Diagnostic value of sonography in patients with suspected carpal tunnel syndrome: A prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Hans\u2010Rudolf","family":"Ziswiler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Reichenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"V\u00f6gelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas M.","family":"Bachmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter M.","family":"Villiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"J\u00fcni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.11.1589"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"670","article-title":"A systematic review of the utility of electrodiagnostic testing in carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"52","author":"Jordan R","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.11.1597"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10385"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.159.4.1529845"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.173.3.10470903"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-8389(05)70132-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/jhsb.2002.0869"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10276"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003300000502"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"62","article-title":"Carpal tunnel sonography by the rheumatologist versus nerve conduction study by the neurologist","volume":"28","author":"Swen WA","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh190"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2321030071"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.11.1061"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197810262991705"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-140-3-200402030-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyg054"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","volume-title":"Medical decision making","author":"Sox HC","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyg065"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(90)90064-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-200104000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03510330081039"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.2.153"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","volume-title":"Decision making in health and medicine: integrating evidence and values","author":"Hunink M","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-4-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","volume-title":"Classification and regression trees","author":"Breiman L","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.23.3110"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4598(200011)23:11<1713::AID-MUS7>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03246-3"}],"container-title":["Arthritis &amp; 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