{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T15:06:14Z","timestamp":1791644774546,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,3]],"date-time":"2005-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To test the hypothesis that B cells play a role in the pathophysiology of dermatomyositis (DM) by examining the effect of B cell depletion in patients with symptomatic DM. Patients were treated with rituximab, a CD20+ B cell\u2013depleting monoclonal antibody.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was an open\u2010label uncontrolled pilot trial in 7 adult patients with DM, 6 of whom had longstanding illness that was responding inadequately to a number of currently available immunosuppressive agents. All patients received 4 intravenous infusions of rituximab given at weekly intervals. Patients were followed up for up to 1 year without further treatment with rituximab. One patient was lost to followup. The principal efficacy outcome was muscle strength, measured by quantitative dynomometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All 6 evaluable patients exhibited major clinical improvement, with muscle strength increasing over baseline by 36\u2013113%. Maximal improvements in muscle strength occurred as early as 12 weeks after the initial infusion of rituximab. CD20+ B cells were effectively depleted in all patients by 12 weeks. Four patients experienced a return of symptoms that coincided with the return of B cells before the 52\u2010week end point. Two patients maintained their increased muscle strength at 52 weeks, and 1 of these patients maintained this strength even after the return of B cells. Other symptoms of DM, including rash, alopecia, and reduced forced vital capacity, improved markedly in patients with these symptoms. Rituximab was well tolerated, with no treatment\u2010related severe or serious adverse events during the observation period of this study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This small open\u2010label study of DM patients treated with rituximab provided sufficiently encouraging results to justify a more formal evaluation of the value of B cell depletion therapy in the treatment of DM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20849","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,3]],"date-time":"2005-02-03T22:58:31Z","timestamp":1107471511000},"page":"601-607","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":366,"title":["Rituximab in the treatment of dermatomyositis: An open\u2010label pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Todd D.","family":"Levine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780261208"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"1329","article-title":"Incidence of polymyositis\u2010dermatomyositis: a 20\u2010year study of hospital diagnosed cases in Allegheny County, PA 1963\u20131982","volume":"17","author":"Oddis CV","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"649","article-title":"Epidemiologic features of diffuse connective tissue disorders in Rochester, Minn., 1951 through 1967, with special reference to systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"44","author":"Kurland LT","year":"1969","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(70)80006-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(02)00029-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199111000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","first-page":"1198","article-title":"Juvenile dermatomyositis at diagnosis: clinical characteristics of 79 children","volume":"25","author":"Pachman LM","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200003)43:3<541::AID-ANR9>3.0.CO;2-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199111213252107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410270402"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(86)80180-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"1335","volume-title":"Myology","author":"Engel A","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-122-9-199505010-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0082(90)90026-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-92-3-365"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780240107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199307000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199803)41:3<392::AID-ART3>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780351006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/030097400750001897"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","first-page":"1225","article-title":"The failure of intravenous cyclophosphamide therapy in refractory idiopathic inflammatory myopathy","volume":"16","author":"Cronin ME","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.1.37"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)91630-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(91)90009-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","first-page":"1092","article-title":"Intravenous gamma globulin as first line therapy in polymyositis and dermatomyositis: an open study in 11 adult patients","volume":"21","author":"Cherin P","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10053"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199312303292704"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.3.712"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.3.323"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.65.1.107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150050005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.8.1701"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.4.485"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","unstructured":"LevineTD.B cell depletion chemotherapy in the treatment of dermatomyositis. 23rd Annual Carrell\u2010Krusen Symposium Dallas TX. 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