{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T12:21:26Z","timestamp":1773922886261,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,7]],"date-time":"2005-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1112832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess prevalence and characteristics of opportunistic infections in patients with polymyositis\/dermatomyositis (PM\/DM). To determine the predictive values for opportunistic infections on clinical presentation, biochemical findings, and paraclinical features of PM\/DM to detect patients at risk of opportunistic infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The medical records of 156 consecutive PM\/DM patients in 3 medical centers were reviewed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighteen PM\/DM patients (11.5%) developed opportunistic infections. The majority of patients exhibited an opportunistic infection after the onset of PM\/DM (89% of cases). Opportunistic infections occurred most frequently during the first year following PM\/DM diagnosis (62.5%). The pathogen microorganisms responsible for opportunistic infections were various, i.e., <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Geotrichum capitatum<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Mycobacterium<\/jats:italic> <jats:italic>avium\u2010intracellulare<\/jats:italic> complex, <jats:italic>M. xenopi<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>M. marinum<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Helicobacter heilmanii<\/jats:italic>, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus. Mortality rates were as high as 27.7% in these PM\/DM patients. Higher mean daily doses of steroids, lymphopenia, and lower serum total protein levels were significantly more frequent in the group of PM\/DM patients with opportunistic infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study underscores the high frequency of opportunistic infections in PM\/DM, resulting in an increased mortality rate. It also indicates that a great variety of microorganisms are responsible for opportunistic infections, although they were more often due to fungi (&gt;50% of cases). Our series highlights a predominance of both lung and digestive opportunistic infections (89% of cases). In addition, our results suggest that PM\/DM patients presenting with factors predictive of opportunistic infection may require closer monitoring.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,7]],"date-time":"2005-04-07T15:21:02Z","timestamp":1112887262000},"page":"155-165","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":144,"title":["Opportunistic infections in polymyositis and 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