{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T21:56:12Z","timestamp":1762898172053},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,28]],"date-time":"2006-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Genetic background and infection have been implicated in the etiology of microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). Killer cell immunoglobulin\u2010like receptors (KIRs) are a diverse family of activating and inhibitory receptors expressed on natural killer (NK) cells and T cells, the genes of which show extreme polymorphism. Some KIRs bind to HLA class I subgroups, and genetic interactions between KIR genes and their ligand HLA have been shown to be associated with several autoimmune and viral diseases. In this study, we examined possible associations of the presence or absence of KIR loci with a genetic predisposition to MPA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The presence or absence of 14 KIR loci was determined in 57 myeloperoxidase antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody\u2013positive Japanese subjects (43 patients with MPA and 239 healthy controls).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The carrier frequency of activating KIR2DS3 was significantly decreased among patients with MPA compared with healthy controls (4.7% versus 16.7%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.038, odds ratio [OR] 0.24, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.06\u20130.94). When KIRs were analyzed in combination with their HLA ligands, the proportion of individuals carrying inhibitory KIR3DL1 and HLA\u2013Bw4 but not activating receptor KIR3DS1, a combination presumed to be the most inhibitory of all KIR3DS1\/3DL1\/HLA\u2013B combinations, was significantly increased in the MPA group compared with the control group (46.5% versus 27.0%; <jats:italic>P =<\/jats:italic> 0.014, OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.18\u20134.70). Furthermore, when subjects were classified according to KIR3DL1\/3DS1\/HLA\u2013B and KIR2DL1\/ HLA\u2013C combinations, an increasing trend toward susceptibility was observed as combinations became more inhibitory.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The decreased activation potential of NK and\/or T cells associated with KIR\/HLA genotypes may predispose to MPA, possibly through insufficient resistance against infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]],"date-time":"2006-03-01T00:17:09Z","timestamp":1141172229000},"page":"992-997","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Association of killer cell immunoglobulin\u2010like receptor genotypes with microscopic polyangiitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Risa","family":"Miyashita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoyuki","family":"Tsuchiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshio","family":"Yabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigeto","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shoichi","family":"Ozaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katsushi","family":"Tokunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1568-9972(01)00008-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002960000063"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.024877"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64234-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"1534","article-title":"Genetic background of Japanese patients with ANCA\u2010associated vasculitis: association of HLA\u2010DRB1*0901 with microscopic polyangiitis","volume":"30","author":"Tsuchiya N","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","article-title":"Association of HLA\u2010DRB1*0901\u2010DQB1*0303 haplotype with microscopic polyangiitis in Japanese","author":"Tsuchiya N","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","unstructured":"CarringtonM NormanP. The KIR gene cluster. National Library of Medicine (US) National Center for Biotechnology Information;2003. URL:http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/bookres.fcgi\/mono_003\/ch1d1.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mi.5.4.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780370206"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330807"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330806"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330805"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-0039.2002.590302.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2533494"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20042158"}],"container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fart.21653","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/art.21653","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T18:38:43Z","timestamp":1697049523000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/art.21653"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,28]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/art.21653"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.21653","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-3591","1529-0131"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-3591","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-0131","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,28]]}}}