{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T14:11:33Z","timestamp":1791036693007,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,25]],"date-time":"2006-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1148515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the ability of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) autoantigen\u2013 and Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome (SS) autoantigen\u2013associated U1 small nuclear RNA (U1 snRNA) and hY1RNA to induce interferon\u2010\u03b1 (IFN\u03b1) production.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In vitro\u2013transcribed U1 snRNA or hY1RNA and lipofectin were added to peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures. Purified U1 snRNP particles and IgG from SLE patients (SLE\u2010IgG) were added to cultures of PBMCs, enriched monocytes, or natural interferon\u2013producing cells (NIPCs); the latter are also known as plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). Cells were double\u2010stained for IFN\u03b1 and either blood dendritic cell antigen 2 (NIPCs\/pDC) or CD14 (monocytes) and then analyzed by flow cytometry. In some experiments, RNase or inhibitors of Fc\u03b3 receptor IIa (Fc\u03b3RIIa) (specific antibodies), endocytosis (chloroquine, bafilomycin A), or Toll\u2010like receptors (TLRs; oligodeoxynucleotide 2088) were used. The produced IFN\u03b1 was measured by immunoassay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lipofected U1 snRNA and hY1RNA both induced IFN\u03b1 production in monocytes, but not in NIPC\/pDC. In contrast, U1 snRNP combined with SLE\u2010IgG induced IFN\u03b1 production only in NIPCs\/pDC, and this response was decreased by RNase treatment or inhibition of the Fc\u03b3RIIa, the endocytosis pathways, or the TLRs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our finding that U1 snRNA and hY1RNA have IFN\u03b1\u2010inducing capacity indicates that immune complexes containing such RNA, for example U1 snRNP particles, can be at least partly responsible for the ongoing IFN\u03b1 production seen in SLE and SS. These results may help to explain the molecular mechanisms behind the pathogenesis of these and other autoimmune diseases in which autoantibodies to RNA\u2010 binding proteins occur.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21893","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,25]],"date-time":"2006-05-25T19:30:20Z","timestamp":1148585420000},"page":"1917-1927","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":200,"title":["Induction of interferon\u2010\u03b1 by immune complexes or liposomes containing systemic lupus erythematosus autoantigen\u2013 and Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome autoantigen\u2013associated RNA"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Tanja","family":"L\u00f6vgren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maija\u2010Leena","family":"Eloranta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berthold","family":"Kastner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Wahren\u2010Herlenius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunnar 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